Banded dye-murex

Figure L Shells of marine snails used in purple dyeing. Left to right banded dye-murex (Trunculariopsis trunculus) for hyacinthine purple (tekhelet), spiny dye-murex (Bolinus brandaris) for Tyrian purple (arga-man), and the rock shell Thais haemastoma for Tyrian purple (argaman).

Scheme I. Major pathway for the transformation of natural colorless precursors obtained from banded dye-murex to hyacinthine purple (tekhelet ). J, 6,6 -dibromoindigotin 11 y potassium indoxyl sulfate 111, potassium 6-bromoindoxyl sulfate IV, indigotin E, enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis, and [0], aerobic oxidation. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 7.

Figure 4. Left, kela-ilan [archaic hyacinthine purple forgery (9, 20)] and right, contemporary hyacinthine purple from banded dye-murex. (Left photograph reproduced with permission from Ref. 20. Copyright 1968 Ciba-Geigy Review.)...

Figure 5. Left, a shell of banded dye-murex and right, a fragment of same species with spire broken off to permit excision of chromogenic gland (from a Persian stratum of I. RolTs excavation at Appolonia).

Figure 6. Crude colors developed from hypobranchial extracts of banded dye-murex (left, blue label), rock shell (center, yellow label), and spiny dye-murex (right, red label).

Figure 7. Green label synthetic indigotin blue, yellow, and red labels purified extracts in chloroform solution of dyes from banded dye-murex, rock shell, and spiny dye-murex, respectively, prepared from the crude...

Figure 8. Biological fouling on shell of banded dye-murex (6). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 21. Copyright 1982 Weizmann Sci Press.)...

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