Crustacean test

Three bioassays a) 48h and 96h acute crustacean test (Daphnia pulex) b) 96h acute fish test (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus nerka) c) residual oxygen fish test (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus nerka) Municipal solid waste (MSW) leachates originating from a) Landfills b) Laboratory lysimeters (downward) c) Field lysimeters (downward) Unspecified pretreatment... 

Four bioassays a) 5 min acute bacterial test (Vibrio fischeri) b) 11 to 21 d algal test (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) c) 48h acute crustacean test (Daphnia magna) d) 96h acute fish test (Pimephales promelas) Municipal and industrial solid waste leachates originating from a sanitary landfill Filtered (glass fiber and 0.45 pm membrane filters for algal test) and unfiltered... 

Two bioassays a) 48h plate incorporation AMES test with Salmonella typhimurium his- (TA 98, 100, 1535, 1537 et 1538) b) 24h acute crustacean test (Daphnia magna) MSW landfill leachates Ashes and slags from MSW incinerator leachates Centrifuged and 0.45 pm filtered only for AMES test... 

Four bioassays a) 120h lettuce germination test (Lactuca sativa) b) 48h acute crustacean test (Ceriodaphnia dubia) c) 96h acute amphipod test (Hyalella azteca) Waters collected from wells dug in an urban landfill, sediments collected in an adjacent river... 

For freshwater invertebrates, frequently used species are the pelagic crustacean Daphnia magna and the sediment-dwelling insect Chironomus sp., while marine crustacean test methods have used copepods and mysids. Molluscs and echinoderms are also important invertebrate species for developmental and reproductive effects assessment (EC 2003). Reproductive and developmental inhibition may be caused by both endocrine and nonendocrine modes of action however, based on current knowledge, PNEC assessments should be based on impaired fitness parameters (e.g., reduced rates of fertility, development, or fecundity) and not on molecular or biochemical changes (Ingersoll et al. 1999 Hutchinson 2002 Barata et al. 2004). 

Effluent Microtox test Algal test Crustacean test SOS Chromotest (— S9) SOS Chromotest (+ S9) ... 

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