Leachate water

Paxe us, N., 2000. Organic compounds in municipal landfill leachates. Water Science and Technology, 42,323- 33. 

Median leachate water chemistry during periods of sulfide oxidation was calculated for each parameter analyzed, by humidity cell. These data, for parameters that show distinct variation between cells, are presented as Table 1. HC2-SQFP, which contains more pyrite and very low carbonate content, rapidly generates acidic leachate causing its leachate to be higher in all parameters except Mo. 

Timur, H., Ozturk, 1. 1999. Anaerobie sequeneing bateh reaetor treatment of landfill leachate. Water Res 33 3225-3230. 

Dichlorobenzene (unspecifred isomers) has been reported in the leachate from industrial and municipal landfills at concentrations from 0.007 to 0.52 ppm (7-520 ppb) (Brown and Donnelly 1988). 1,4-Dichlorobenzene has also been monitored in wetland-treated leachate water at a municipal solid waste landfdl in central Florida (Chen and Zoltech 1995). Groundwater samples contained concentrations of 0.08-10.71 ppb. Hallbourg et al. (1992) detected dichlorobenzene (unspecified... 

In the light of these experiences, simulations using the extremely acidic Shilbottle Grange spoil leachate waters as a sole precursor were not even attempted it is clear that such highly contaminated waters could only feasibly play a role in the evolution of mature Whittle waters through mixing with less aggressive waters. 

Amos, P. W. Younger, P. L. 2003. Substrate characterisation for a subsurface reactive barrier to treat colliery spoil leachate. Water Research, 37, 108-120. 

Berwanger, D. J. Barker, J. F. (1988). Aerobic biodegradation of aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons commonly detected in landfill leachates. Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada, 23(3), 460—75. 

Sophisticated and highly refined methods are available to detect trace levels of silver and its compounds in air, solid waste leachate, water (the medium of most concern for human exposure), food, and other environmental media. These methods can accurately measure background levels in environmental samples, as well as levels at which health effects occur. There are no known deficiencies in the analytical methods for determining silver in environmental media, and no additional analytical methods appear to be necessary. 

Spongberg, A.L. and Becks, P.M. (2000) Inorganic soil contamination from cemetery leachate. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 117(1-4), 313-27. 

Ernst, W.R., Hennigar, P., Doe, K., Wade, S. and Julien, G. (1994) Characterization of chemical constituents and toxicity to aquatic organisms of a municipal landfill leachate, Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada 29, 89-101. 

Schrab, G.E., Brown, K.W. and Donnelly, K.C. (1993) Acute and genetic toxicity of municipal landfill leachate, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 69, 99-112. 

The operational performance of an HF-based ESTM technique was first described by Liu et al.71 A 15-cm piece of HF was filled with an acceptor buffer solution, after which the F1F was made into a loop. This loop-like F1F device was soaked in n-undecane, and then immersed in 1 L of a river or leachate water sample for extraction of freely dissolved chlorophenols. This FIF-loop device was also employed for selective ESTM sampling of freely available Cu+2 in leachate water.78 The selectivity stemmed from a selective liquid membrane (di-n-dihexyl ether) containing a carrier (crown ether/oleic acid) and a selective stripping agent in the acceptor solution. 

In another application, Esy-GC-ECD was applied to the extraction of 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in spiked and contaminated complex samples, such as raw leachate water and soil-water slurry samples.94 A downsized filtration vessel was deemed crucial for sample filtration after acidification and the addition of activated copper granules (to remove elemental sulfur) and 20% acetonitrile (to prevent adsorption and enhance enrichment). Under optimal conditions, extraction of a 3-mL leachate water sample dispensed at a flow rate of 100 pL min-1 gave Ee values between 32 and 242 and LODs between 1 and 20 ng I. It was also demonstrated that, since ESy extraction is dynamic and its extraction efficiency low, calculation of relative recovery was more relevant than extraction efficiency in all ESy applications. 

Phthalate esters in river and leachate water were also extracted with an ESy-GC-FID system. Here, owing to the large variation in the polarity of the phthalate esters, 50% methanol had to be added to the samples as organic modifier in order to extract the most nonpolar phthalate esters (di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and di-n-octylphthalate) the relatively polar phthalate esters were extracted from unmodified samples. The time required to extract a 1-mL sample was 20 min Ee values of 54-110-fold and LODs of 0.2-10 ng mL-1 were obtained.95... 

A very simple HF-MMLLE configuration has been employed by flame-sealing the two ends of the HFs. The HFs were then soaked in n-undecane for a period of time so as to allow them to fill with solvent this makes simple HF-MMLLE devices. In this way, a single HF was utilized for the MMLLE of eight polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in 100 mL samples of tap, river, and leachate water. The analysis was done by manual injection of 2 pL of the HF lumen content into a splitless GC injector followed by GC-MS analysis in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Under optimal HF-MMLLE conditions, the extraction was exhaustive (E = 57-104%), giving very good enrichment (Ee = 2800-5200-fold), very low LOD (<1.1 ng I. ), and relative recoveries of 85-110%. Two PBDEs were detected and quantified in leachate water at concentrations of 3.5 ng I. for BDE 153 and 23 ng L 1 for BDE 183.96... 

Landfill leachates (water drained from the bottom of a landfill)... 

Bauer MJ, Hermann R, Martin A, et al. 1998. Chemodynamics, transport behaviour and treatment of phthalic acid esters in municipal landfill leachates. Water Sci Technol 38(2) 185-192. 

Zeflf JD, Barich JT. UV/Oxidation of organic contaminants in ground, waste and leachate waters. Water Pollut Res J Can 1992 1 139-150. 

The <5180 data have been used by the researchers to calculate the percentage of leachate water in each well, summed up in a map of the pollution plume (Fig. 16.19). The correlation between the isotopic data and dissolved ions has been checked in Fig. 16.20. Good positive correlations are observed between Cl, COD, and rilxO, and almost no correlation is seen with NH4 and S04. This supports the conclusion that Cl and COD (as well as <5180 and <5D) were conservative tracers. 

Chiang, L. C., Chang, J. E. and Wen, T. C. (1995) Indirect oxidation effect in electrochemical oxidation treatment of landfill leachate. Water Res. 29, 671-678. 

Wagh et al. [57] also studied the leaching performance of the ash waste form in acidic and alkaline environments to determine limits of stabilization. The leaching was conducted on monolithic ceramics for different time periods, as given in Table 16.7. The pH of the acidic solution was 3.5, which was obtained by adding acetic acid to the leachate water. The alkaline solution was NaOH with a pH of 11. 

Leaching of Mg is much lower than leaching of other components. This might be because, overall. Mg is not as mobile as K, Na, or NO3. Moreover, some of the MgO remains unreacted in the waste form, and its solubility in alkaline water is extremely low. Both the supernatant and sludge waste streams were highly alkaline, and hence, the waste forms must have increased the alkalinity of the leachate water. This aUcalinity will reduce the leaching level of Mg. 

Gould JP, Ramsey RE, Giabani M, et al. 1983. Formation of volatile haloorganic compounds in the chlorination of municipal landfill leachates. Water Chlorination, Environmental Impact and Health Effects 4 525-539. 

Barri T, Bergstrom S, Hussen A, Norberg J, and Jdnsson JA. Extracting syringe for determination of OCPs in leachate water and water-soil slurry An environmentally friendly technology in environmental analysis. J. Chromatogr. A 2006 1111 11-20. 

Fig. 9. shows the concentrations of metals leached from the particles as a function of the total amount of acid passed through the column for one experimental run. The release of metals into the leachate water leaving the columns containing small particles did not occur until after addition of about 8 meq acid/g waste. Metal concentrations in the leachate then increased rapidly for a time before... 

Table III. Elemental Analysis of Leachate Water Concentrations - mg/g Spent Shale...

Doyle J, Watts S, Solley D, et al. 2001. Exceptionally high-rate nitrification in sequencing batch reactors treating high ammonia landfill leachate. Water Sci Technol 43(3) 315-322. 

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