Multiplicity conservation

Rowland-Jones, S. L., T. Dong, K. R. Fowke, J. Kimani, P. Krausa, H. Newell, T. Blanchard, K. Ariyoshi, J. Oyugi, E. Ngugi, J. Bwayo, K. S. MacDonald, A. J. McMichael, and F. A. Plummer. 1998. Cytotoxic T Cell Responses to Multiple Conserved HIV Epitopes in HIV-Resistant Prostitutes in Nairobi. Journal of Clinical Investigation 102 1758-1765. 

Most protein families are characterized by several conserved motifs. The PRINTS hngerprint database was developed to use multiple conserved motifs to build diagnostic signatures of family membership (Attwood et al., 1998). If a query sequence fails to match all the motifs in a given hngerprint, the pattern of matches formed by the remaining motifs allows the user to make a reasonable diagnosis. The PRINTS can be accessed by keyword and sequence searches at http //www.bioinf. 

The sequence motifs identified in this way may be different from the motifs/ fingerprints listed in the Prosite [31], Blocks [75], and especially PRINTS [33, 76] databases, which use single or multiple conserved regions as consensus signatures to describe families or subfamilies and which are used as automated diagnostic tools for inserting new members into the framework of the already classified members. 

The infaust prognosis of hepatorenal syndrome and the short space of time preceding its fatal outcome not only call for the swift and concurrent use of multiple conservative measures, but also make invasive therapy worth considering. Here, too, any decision with regard to therapy must initially focus on the clinical difficulties relating to the respective underlying disease. 

Within the CYP86 clan that contains multiple conserved families and subfamilies associated with various fatty acid oxygenations [27, 59], there are fewer examples of species-specific activities neofunctionalized to create new compounds. Even so, some such as CYP94A5 in Ni-cotiana tabacum (tobacco) and CYP94C1 in l. thaliana, have evolved the ability to sequentially... 

Chemical Reaction. Chemically reacting flows are those in which the chemical composition, properties, and temperature change as the result of a simple or complex chain of reactions in the fluid. Depending on the implementation, reacting flows can require the solution of multiple conservation equations for species, some of which describe reactants, and others of which describe products. To balance the mass transfer from one species to another, reaction rates are used in each species conservation equation, and have as factors the molecular weights, concentrations, and stoichiometries for that species in all reactions. 

Large stepsizes result in a strong reduction of the number of force field evaluations per unit time (see left hand side of Fig. 4). This represents the major advantage of the adaptive schemes in comparison to structure conserving methods. On the right hand side of Fig. 4 we see the number of FFTs (i.e., matrix-vector multiplication) per unit time. As expected, we observe that the Chebyshev iteration requires about double as much FFTs than the Krylov techniques. This is due to the fact that only about half of the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian are essentially occupied during the process. This effect occurs even more drastically in cases with less states occupied. 

Long term simulations require structurally stable integrators. Symplec-tic and symmetric methods nearly perfectly reproduce structural properties of the QCMD equations, as, for example, the conservation of the total energy. We introduced an explicit symplectic method for the QCMD model — the Pickaback scheme— and a symmetric method based on multiple time stepping. 

We have derived time-reversible, symplectic, and second-order multiple-time-stepping methods for the finite-dimensional QCMD model. Theoretical results for general symplectic methods imply that the methods conserve energy over exponentially long periods of time up to small fluctuations. Furthermore, in the limit m —> 0, the adiabatic invariants corresponding to the underlying Born-Oppenheimer approximation will be preserved as well. Finally, the phase shift observed for symmetric methods with a single update of the classical momenta p per macro-time-step At should be avoided by... 

Finally, quantitative problems involving multiple analytes and back titrations also can be solved by applying the principle of conservation of electron pairs. 

Dilute glycerol Hquors, after purification, are concentrated to cmde glycerol by evaporation. This process is carried out in conventional evaporation (qv) under vacuum heated by low pressure steam. In the case of soap—lye glycerol, means are suppHed for recovery of the salt that forms as the spent lye is concentrated. Multiple effort evaporators are typically used to conserve energy while concentrating to a glycerol content of 85—90%. 

Previous expositions of photochemical laws have distinguished ptominentiy between states of singlet and triplet multiplicity (1). This distinction continues to be important with respect to photophysics of smaH organic molecules, but among inorganic and organometaHic compounds, states of other multiplicities, eg, doublet and quartet states (23), play an important role. Spin conservation characterizes electronic molecular excitations and localized... 

Assume the edge dislocation density to be divided into positive and negative populations, N+ and N, moving only on slip planes at 45° (maximum shear stress) to the planar shock front. For a dislocation multiplication (annihilation) rate M, show that conservation of dislocations requires that... 

J.B. Bell, C.N. Dawson, and G.R. Shubin, An Unsplit, Higher-Order Godunov Method for Scalar Conservation Laws in Multiple Dimensions, J. Comput. Phys. 74 No. 1 (1988). 

A prior distribution for sequence profiles can be derived from mixtures of Dirichlet distributions [16,51-54]. The idea is simple Each position in a multiple alignment represents one of a limited number of possible distributions that reflect the important physical forces that determine protein structure and function. In certain core positions, we expect to get a distribution restricted to Val, He, Met, and Leu. Other core positions may include these amino acids plus the large hydrophobic aromatic amino acids Phe and Trp. There will also be positions that are completely conserved, including catalytic residues (often Lys, GIu, Asp, Arg, Ser, and other polar amino acids) and Gly and Pro residues that are important in achieving certain backbone conformations in coil regions. Cys residues that form disulfide bonds or coordinate metal ions are also usually well conserved. 

For the purpose of quick estimates or field evaluation of existing systems, consider the curve in Figure 3-27. This curve is not meant to supersede a comprehensive analysis as previously discussed. It should be used in checking vendor proposals or in revising existing installations where a single cylinder is connected to a header without the interaction of multiple cylinders. While not a hard rule, the curve should be conservative for... 

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