Diagnostic signatures

Table 3.1 Diagnostic signatures of reversible inhibition modabties in double reciprocal plots...

Most protein families are characterized by several conserved motifs. The PRINTS hngerprint database was developed to use multiple conserved motifs to build diagnostic signatures of family membership (Attwood et al., 1998). If a query sequence fails to match all the motifs in a given hngerprint, the pattern of matches formed by the remaining motifs allows the user to make a reasonable diagnosis. The PRINTS can be accessed by keyword and sequence searches at http //www.bioinf. 

We will focus on progress in detecting clinically useful diagnostic signatures and the development of protein-detecting microarrays to measure these signatures in the clinician s office. 

Other DNA microarray studies indicate that presymptomatic diagnostic signatures are obtainable. DNA microarray analysis of mRNA samples from a chimpanzee s liver during acute resolving Hepatitis C virus infection was performed. The study provided insight into the liver response to viral infection. Although the study was not developed to determine a diagnostic... 

This methodology has been employed for the identification of potential protein diagnostic signatures. By comparing the protein expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples and uninvolved lung samples by 2D/MS, nine proteins were identified to have increased expression levels (1.4- to... 

The Ciphergen system has also been used to determine serum proteomic patterns in other cancers such as prostate cancer (Al, B2), hepatocellular carcinoma (P6), and non-small cell lung cancer (XI). The protein patterns were determined from a combination of data from more than one capture array, thereby increasing the specificity of the diagnostic signature. 

DNA microarrays have been a useful research tool. However, there are only a few examples of DNA microarrays used to identify clinically relevant diagnostic signatures, as outlined earlier. The complexity of the technique hinders... 

However, while there are several examples of HNO/NO complexes with mainly second- or third-row transition metals in the literatme (108,109), only few iron-nitroxyl complexes have been reported so far. In fact, stabilization of the heme Fe-HNO moiety has been achieved only for protein complexes Fe(globin) HNO (87,110) being the (Mb)HNO the most extensively characterized. Stabilization of the Fe(HNO) moiety in heme models, without the support of a protein environment, remains elusive, though a fairly stable Ru(Por)HNO complex, [Ru (TTP)(HNO)(l-MeIm)], was reported and the IR and H NMR spectra were recorded, providing the diagnostic signatures to clearly identify the complex as an HNO adduct, without a crystal... 

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