Multifunctional composites

Pandey AC, Sharma PK, Dutta RK (2007) Recent advances in biomedical applications of multifunctional composites. In Tiwari A (ed) Recent developments in bio-nanocomposites for biomedical applications.Nova Science, Hauppauge, pp 409-432... 

Nanocarbon hybrids have recently been introduced as a new class of multifunctional composite materials [18]. In these hybrids, the nanocarbon is coated by a polymer or by the inorganic material in the form of a thin amorphous, polycrystalline or single-crystalline film. The close proximity and similar size domain/volume fraction of the two phases within a nanocarbon hybrid introduce the interface as a powerful new parameter. Interfacial processes such as charge and energy transfer create synergistic effects that improve the properties of the individual components and even create new properties [19]. We recently developed a simple dry wrapping method to fabricate a special class of nanocarbon hybrid, W03 /carbon nanotube (CNT) coaxial cable structure (Fig. 17.2), in which W03 layers act as an electrochromic component while aligned... 

The use is discussed of Sinstad multifunctional compositions for use in low-plasticised PVC pipe formulations as heat stabilisers and plasticisers. The research reported consisted mainly of investigating the physical and mechanical properties of the plastic compound, its ease of manufacture, and processing with partial replacement of the plasticiser and stabiliser and complete replacement of the lubricants. Properties of PVC compositions for the production of pipe connectors and pipes with varying formulations are discussed. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 11,2000, P-43)... 

The potential applications of CNTs due to their small dimension and excellent physicochemical properties make them useful in wide ranges from multifunctional composites, electrochemical electrode, and/or additives, field emitters, to nanosized semiconductor devices. Up to now, commercialized fields of CNTs are the filler in anode materials of lithium-ion secondary battery. ... 

Misra, S. K. et al. Poly(3-hydroxybu1yrate) multifunctional composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Biomater. 2010,31(10), 2806-2815. 

Nguyen T, Wang X (2010) Multifunctional composite membranes based on a highly porous polyimide matrix for direct methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 195 1024-1030... 

Weidner, E., M. Petermann, and Z. Knez, Multifunctional composites by high-pressure spray processes. Current Opinion in Solid State Materials Science, 2003. 7(4,5) p. 385-390. 

Gibson R F (2010), A review of recent research on mechanics of multifunctional composite materials and structures . Comp Struct, 92,2793-2810. 

Leng J, Lan X, Du S (2010) Shape-memory polymer composites. In Leng J, Du S (eds) Shape-memory polymers and multifunctional composites. CRC, Boca Raton, p 203... 

Gibson RF (2010) A review of recent research on mechanics of multifunctional composite materials and structures. Compos Struct 92 2793-2810. doi 10.1016. compstract.2010.05.003 Qian H, Greenhalgh ES, Shaffer MSP, Bismarck A (2010) Carbon nanotebe-based hierarchical composites a review. J Matm- Chem 20 4751. doi 10.1039/c000041h Svancara I, Walcarius A, Kalcher K, Vytfas K (2009) Carbon paste electrodes in the new millennium. Cent Eur J Chem 7 598-656. doi 10.2478/sl 1532-009-0097-9... 

Blazewicz S (2006) Non-metalic multifunctional composites in biomaterials engineering. In Nadolny AJ (ed) Biomaterials in regenerative medicine. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa... 

Selective permeability allows chemical reactions to be performed exclusively in the capsule interior. The in-situ modification of polyelectrolyte capsules by conducting syntheses inside inorganic nanoparticles creates a new class of multifunctional capsules that combines the properties of inorganic nanomaterials. These multifunctional, composite capsules may find applications for the protection, delivery, and storage of biochemical compounds that are unstable in solution or under UV/visible irradiation, where the use of capsules composed solely of polymeric components cannot be envisaged. Clearly, much further research is required in this area, most notably in understanding the mechanism of the chemical reactions that occur in the confined microsized geometric and diffusional limitations of polyelectrolyte multilayers. 

Not surprisingly, different material functions are required for each of the steps in the formation of a photorefractive grating, leading to development of multifunctional composite materials and the search for optimal combinations of material properties as discnssed in Composition of Polymeric Photorefractive Materials section. 

Fig. 2.1. The bio-inspired approach to adaptronic structures a active materials, b induced-strain actuators, c integrated active sensors d multifunctional composites, e microcontrollers...

Composite engineering is to put several different materials together in certain configurations. This can be done from few nanometers up to tens of millimeters. Composite engineering allows us to use non-functional materials to enhance functional materials, or to use different functional materials to make new functional composite or multifunctional composite materials. 

Design Philosophy 3 use nonfunctional materials to enhance the ability of functional materials through a redirecting force scheme, and make multifunctional composites using constructive integration of different functional materials. 

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) could be used as building blocks for multifunctional composite solids and for hierarchical inorganic/organic hybrid architectures. These compounds may include inert hydrocarbon moieties, reactive groups, and... 

Beside their well-known extra-high mechanical properties, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) offer either metallic or semiconductor characteristics based on the chiral structure of fullerene. They possess superior thermal and electrical properties so SWNTs are regarded as the most promising reinforcement material for the next generation of high performance structural and multifunctional composites, and evoke great interest in polymer based composites research. The SWNTs/polymer composites are theoretically predicted to have both exceptional mechanical and functional properties, which carbon fibers cannot offer [105]. 

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