Single-crystalline films

Nanocarbon hybrids have recently been introduced as a new class of multifunctional composite materials [18]. In these hybrids, the nanocarbon is coated by a polymer or by the inorganic material in the form of a thin amorphous, polycrystalline or single-crystalline film. The close proximity and similar size domain/volume fraction of the two phases within a nanocarbon hybrid introduce the interface as a powerful new parameter. Interfacial processes such as charge and energy transfer create synergistic effects that improve the properties of the individual components and even create new properties [19]. We recently developed a simple dry wrapping method to fabricate a special class of nanocarbon hybrid, W03 /carbon nanotube (CNT) coaxial cable structure (Fig. 17.2), in which W03 layers act as an electrochromic component while aligned... 

Where Jo and S are the current density of the primary beam and the area of the irradiated sample, Z is the wave length, Ohki the structure factor amplitude, Q the volume cell, Z a factor that takes the microstructure of sample into account (Zm - for a mosaic single crystalline film, Zt - for a texture film), t is the sample thickness, dhu the interplanar spacing, a represents the mean angular distribution of the microcrystallites in the film, p is a multiplicity factor (accounts for the number of reflections of coincidence), R is a horizontal coordinate of a particular reflection in DP from textures and (p is the tilt angle of the sample. In the case of polycrystalline films, a local intensity is usually measured and the corresponding relation is ... 

Activated, or hopping conductivity would, of course not be expected to be an intrinsic property of these metallic materials, as demonstrated for single crystalline films (39). 

By reacting Cu(cup)2 in the organic layer with an aqueous NaOH solution, one obtains single-crystalline films of monoclinic CuO at the organic-aqueous interface at 70 °C.29 It has been possible to obtain crystalline films of ZnO by the reaction of Zn(cup)2 in toluene with an aqueous solution of NaOH at 25 °C. 

Gautam, U. K. Ghosh, M. Rao, C. N. R, Template-Free Chemical Route to Ultrathin Single-Crystalline Films of CuS and CuO Employing the Liquid-Liquid Interface. Langmuir2004. 20,10776-10778. 

In the case that all reflections are specular, i.e. p=l, there will be no thin film effects on the resistivity. The theory shows further that for ratios t/X0 > 5, hardly any thin film effect is predicted and the value of p should approach that of bulk tungsten. This is of course only true for structurally perfect (single crystalline) films. 

Extended single-crystalline films of ZnS are obtained by this method starting with Zn(cup)j and NajS." The UV-visible absorption spectrum of a ZnS film obtained by reacting 5 mg of Zn(cup)j in 50 ml of toluene at --30 °C for 12 h shows an absorption band at 320 nm, close to that of bulk ZnS. The PL spectrum of the ZnS film displays a broad emission band centered at 425 nm due to the presence of sulfur vacancies in the ZnS lattice. A blue-shift of the absorption band to 285 nm was observed when the reaction time was restricted to 1 h, suggesting a thin, incompletely formed film. Unlike chemical methods such as the LB technique, where non-single-crystalline films are obtained by assembling nanocrystals or CVD and related... 

The liquid-liquid interface can be conveniently used for the preparation of assemblies or thin films of inorganic NPs. Figure 13.6 shows electron microscope images of Au, Ag and CdS nanocrystalline films and CuS single crystalline films formed at... 

Zorenko Y, Gorbenko V, Zorenko T, Malinowski P, Jary V, Kucerkova R, Beitlerova A, Mares JA, Niki M, Eedorov A (2014) Luminescent and scintillation properties of Bi doped Y2Si05 and Lu2Si05 single crystalline films. J Lumin 154 525... 

Omote, K., Ohigashi, H. and Koga, K. (1997) Temperature dependence of elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of single crystalline films of vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene copolymer, J. App. Phys, 81, 2760-9. 

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