Thin amorphous

The thickness of amorphous alloys is dependent upon production methods. Rapid quenching from the liquid state, which is the most widely used method, produces generally thin amorphous alloy sheets of 10-30 tm thickness. This has been called melt spinning or the rotating wheel method. Amorphous alloy powder and wire are also produced by modifications of the melt spinning method. The corrosion behaviour of amorphous alloys has been studied mostly using melt-spun specimens. 

Scattering from Thin Amorphous Specimens. The Z contrast technique exploits tRe strong Z dependence of Rutherford scattering into the annular detector. Rutherford scattering is... 

Nanocarbon hybrids have recently been introduced as a new class of multifunctional composite materials [18]. In these hybrids, the nanocarbon is coated by a polymer or by the inorganic material in the form of a thin amorphous, polycrystalline or single-crystalline film. The close proximity and similar size domain/volume fraction of the two phases within a nanocarbon hybrid introduce the interface as a powerful new parameter. Interfacial processes such as charge and energy transfer create synergistic effects that improve the properties of the individual components and even create new properties [19]. We recently developed a simple dry wrapping method to fabricate a special class of nanocarbon hybrid, W03 /carbon nanotube (CNT) coaxial cable structure (Fig. 17.2), in which W03 layers act as an electrochromic component while aligned... 

It was also mentioned by McLean et al. that ions and polar solvent molecules must necessarily diffuse across thin amorphous fluorocarbon or interfacial regions between swollen polar domains. However, all of this does not require the need for channels with diameters of 10 A that are coated with SOs groups for long-range transport. In any case, a simple consideration of the steric volume of SOs groups in relation to the size of these channels leads to the conclusion that more than one group would have difficulty fitting into this very small volume. Related... 

In general, in most CMCs, chemical reaction hardly occurs between fiber (or whisker) and matrix. However, an extremely thin amorphous film can be formed. 

At ordinary temperatures, the metal surface is coated with a very fine thin amorphous film of its dioxide, about 2 to 3 nm thick. Silicon combines with oxygen forming innumerable silicates. A few silicates have been mentioned above. 

W. Moritz, T. Yoshinobu, F. Finger, S. Krause, M. Martin-Fernandez and M.J. Schoning, High resolution LAPS using amorphous silicon as the semiconductor material, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 103 (2004) 436—441. J.C. van den Heuvel, R.C. van Oort and M.J. Geerts, Diffusion length measurements of thin amorphous silicon layers, Solid State Commun., 69(8) (1989) 807-810. 

Fig. 11 shows the photoswitching of the injection current. Upon UV irradiation, the hole injection current increased, while decreasing to zero on irradiation with visible light. Very thin amorphous diarylethene film as thin as 0.2 pm could also control the hole injection to the organic hole transport layer (Fig. 9b). These results are potentially applicable to optical memory-type organic photoconductors.

Detailed HRTEM characterization of the specimens showed that all metal-ceramic interfaces in the two different nanocomposites had thin ( 1 nm thick) amorphous films (see Fig. 11.5). In addition, occluded particles were found inside the alumina grains which also had thin amorphous films at their interfaces with alumina. Analytical microscopy showed the films to contain Ca, Si, and Al.41 Hamaker coefficients were calculated for metal-ceramic interfaces in the presence of a Si02-based film, which indicated that a stronger attractive force is expected for intergranular films at metal-alumina interfaces,... 

The analysis of Knowles and Turan (2000) of 7 -BN-amorphous silica-3C SiC interfaces showed that Eq. (17.3)could be used to calculate values of the Hamaker constant as a function of the orientation of / -BN with respect to a planar interface containing a thin amorphous silica film, provided that the effective values of static dielectric constant and refractive index for / -BN, /,., and / bx respectively, were taken to be... 

Susnitzky, D.W. and Carter, C.B., (1990), Structure of alumina grain boundaries prepared with and without a thin amorphous intergranular film , J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 73 (8), 2485-2493. 

As already mentioned in Sects. 6.3.1.2 and 8.2.3, ZnO can be used as an intermediate reflector in a-Si H/ j,c-Si H tandem solar cells between top and bottom cell to increase the current in the thin amorphous silicon top cell [14,15]. As a result, the thickness of the a-Si H top cell can be reduced to improve the stability of the cell upon light induced degradation. Recent progress has even lead to improved light utilization and higher short circuit current density by an optimized intermediate reflector [16]. However, this intermediate reflector might consist of another material than ZnO. 

The warty layer (W) is a thin amorphous membrane located in the inner surface of the cell wall in all conifers and in some hardwoods, containing warty deposits of a still unknown composition. Each species has its own, characteristic warty layer. 

Burgers vector and -> defects in solids). In realistic systems, the grains are often separated by a thin amorphous layer, which may also comprise inclusions of secondary phases. 

The complex structure of the ZnO/Si interface has also directly been observed in cross-sectional TEM micrographs. An example is given in Fig. 5. This micrograph clearly reveals the formation of a thin amorphous fdm on the Si-surface (suboxide phase), the formation of nano-crystalline phases followed by columnar ZnO growth. ... 

Chalcogen-based glasses can be deposited to form thin amorphous films by thermal evaporation or sputtering, owing to their low thermal characteristics. This technique is widely used in the deposition of Se-rich glasses on to cylindrical drums used as the photosensitive surface in Xerography. 

Nickel(II) oxide crystallizes in the NaCl structure. Thin amorphous films of it exhibit electrochromic behavior and are antiferromagnetic at Tn = 247 °C. Nickel(II) oxide films with smooth surfaces and columnar structures of preferred (100) orientation on MgO(lll), Si(lll), soda lime glass, fused silica and stainless steel can be obtained by and... 

Kouh Simpson, Y., Carter, C. B., Morrissey, K. J., Angelini, P., Bentley, J. (1986). The identification of thin amorphous films at grain boundaries in AI2O3. J. Materials ScL, 21, 2689-96. 

With ceramic membranes (showing Knudsen diffusion) acting on e g. hydrogen in the presence of a hydrocarbon or of carbon dioxide, the theoretical separation ctor amounts to 4-6. For industrial processes, these values are too low [4]. Modification of ceramic membranes and supports by deposition of new materials improves the separation markedly. Wrth controlled modification of thin amorphous silica-layers on ceramics, membranes can be obtained showing sqraration values upto 150 for... 

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