Mucin tumor markers

Bassi C, Salvia R, Gumbs AA, Butturini G Falconi M, Pederzoli P, The value of standard serum tumor markers in differentiating mucinous from serous cystic tumors of the pancreas CEA, Ca 19-9, Ca 125, Ca 15-3, Langenbecks Arch. Surg., 387 281-285, 2002. 

Carbohydrate-related tumor markers either are (1) antigens on the tumor cell surface or (2) secreted by the tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies have been developed against these antigens. These markers have been found to be clinically useful as tumor markers and tend to be more specific than naturally secreted markers, such as enzymes and hormones. Biochemically, they are high molecular weight mucins (Table 23-10) or blood group antigens (Table 23-11). 

Reddish MA, Helbrecht N, Almeida AF, et al. Epitope mapping of Mab within the peptide core of the malignant breast carcinoma associated mucin antigen coded for by the human MUC 1 gene. J Tumor Marker Oncol 1992 7 19-27. 

Andrianifahanana M, Moniaux N, Schmied BM, et al. Mucin (MUC) gene expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis a potential role of MUG4 as a tumor marker of diagnostic significance. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 7 4033-4040. 

Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is a type I acidic low molecular weight cytokeratin that was initially described in 1992. 1 It is found in normal tissues of the stomach, intestine, urothelium, and in Merkel cells. It is found in most adenocarcinomas of the large and small intestines, in mucinous tumors of the ovary, and in Merkel cell carcinomas, and it is frequently present in urothelial carcinoma and in adenocarcinomas of the stomach, pancreas, and bile ducts. It is a useful marker for primary mucinous tumors of the ovary and for various types of metastases that are found in the ovaries. 

Ma, F., Ho, C., Cheng, A.K.H., Yu, H.Z., 2013. Immohilization of redox-labeled hairpin DNA aptamers on gold eleetroehemical quantitation of epithelial tumor marker mucin 1. Electrochim. Acta 110, 139-145. 

Applications of molecular beacons described in this review period include monitoring of the endonuclease activity of mammalian Ago2 protein, quantitation of epithelial tumor marker mucin 1, in vitro quantitation of specific miRNAs/ detection of G-quadruplexes, and detection of K(I) ions using a G-quadruplex based MB/ Molecular beacons have been used as biosensors designed to detect allosteric inhibitors and activators, and as a logic gate/ ... 

Core structures of mucin-type O-linked glycans. These represent a series of characteristic structures attached to a serine (S) or threonine (T) amino acid residue of a protein. There are eight core structures, each of which may have further monosaccharide additions. Tn is a precursor of theT (Thomsen-Freidenreich) antigen which is commonly used as a marker for tumor cells. 

Metzgar RS, Sawabu N, Hollingsworth MA. DU-PAN-2 A clinically useful mucin marker of differentiation of pancreatic and other ductal cells and their tumors. In Sell S, ed. Serological cancer markers. Totowa, NJ Humana Press, 1992 355-74,... 

Pleurodeles waltl and Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl), bred in many laboratories, were chosen because of the abundance of mucins which surround their eggs. The first analyses led to the isolation of Lewis and Lewis antigenic determinants, which are known to be related to human tumor-associated antigens. For these reasons, the jelly coats of amphibian eggs could represent a valuable model to examine 0-linked carbohydrate structures during evolution, associated with a possible function involving specific markers for the fertilization process. 

SCA is virtually the only ductal tumor that does not show the pancreatic ductal differentiation markers (mucins, mucin-related oncoproteins, and KRAS mutation). 

Wilms tumor gene product (WTl) has been established as a good marker for mesothelial cells. Studies have also demonstrated that WTl is a highly sensitive and specific marker of serous carcinomas of ovarian surface epithelial origin (both ovarian and extra-ovarian). Mucinous and micropapillary breast carcinomas may express WTl and thus confound the distinction between breast carcinoma and metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma (Fig. 21.13). ° ... 

---