Monomer trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate

The polymers were prepared using MAA as functional monomer and EDMA as crosslinking monomer if not otherwise noted. VPY= 2- or 4-vinylpyridine TRIM = trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate DPGE = (R)-N,0-dimethacryloylphenylglycinol PYAA = 3-(4-pyridinyl)acrylic acid. 

Fig. 21. Molecular imprinting of (R)-propranolol using methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as the crosslinking monomer. (Reprinted with permission from [126], Copyright 1998 Elsevier). The enantiose-lectivity of a given polymer is predetermined by the configuration of the ligand, R-propranolol present during its preparation. Since the imprinted enantiomer possesses a higher affinity for the polymer, the separation is obtained with a predictable elution order of the enantiomers...

The influence of adding polyfunctional monomers having different structures and functionality into a dicumyl peroxide-based crosslinking system for LDPE was investigated. Monomers employed were diallyl phthalate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and triallyl cyanurate. The effects of formulation on matrix gel content and on foam density at similar gel content were examined and the dependence of foam density on melt modulus assessed. The applicability of swell ratio for estimating foam density was evaluated and the suitability of triallyl cyanurate as a crosslinking promoter for LDPE foam demonstrated. 20 refs. 

MIP films, applied to a QCM transducer, have been employed for chiral recognition of the R- and 5-propranolol enantiomers [107]. MIP films were prepared for that purpose by surface grafted photo-radical polymerization. First, a monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid was self-assembled on a gold electrode of the quartz resonator. Then, a 2,2 -azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride initiator (AAPH), was attached to this monolayer. Subsequently, this surface-modified resonator was immersed in an ACN solution containing the MAA functional monomer, enantiomer template and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) cross-linker. Next, the solution was irradiated with UV light for photopolymerization. The resulting MIP-coated resonator was used for enantioselective determination of the propranolol enantiomers under the batch [107] conditions and the FIA [107] conditions with an aqueous-ACN mixed solvent solution as the carrier. The MIP-QCM chemosensor was enantioselective to 5-propranolol at concentrations exceeding 0.38 mM [107]. 

Mosbach and co-workers developed a method to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers by precipitation polymerization [24]. They started from a dilute, homogenous solution of the monomer methacrylic acid (MAA) and the crosslinker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The polymer formed in the presence of the template molecule 17/1-estradiol, theophylline, or caffeine contained a high proportion of discrete spheres of diameter less than a micron. Because the effect of coalescence becomes predominant with higher solid content of the reaction mixture, this approach is limited to solid contents of typically <2 wt%. 

The effect of irradiation dose and different polyfunctional monomers(PFMs) at a constant ratio of 10 phr on the physicochemical properties of a PVC formulation used as wire coating was investigated. The PFMs used were trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, triallyl cyanurate and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. The properties studied included tensile properties at room and elevated temps., softening temp., swelling characteristics and volume resistivity. 18 refs. 

The template, the functional monomers and the cross-linking monomers are dissolved in a non-polar solvent. The functional monomers and the template form complexes and the strength of these are reflected in the selectivity of the imprinted polymer. The choice of functional monomer is based on the template structure. Functional monomers are chosen for their ability to interact non-covalently with the template molecule. The most frequently used functional monomer so far is methacrylic acid (MAA). Also vinylpyridines have been frequently used. As cross-linking monomers, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) are widely used. Several other types of functional and cross-linking monomers have been used in molecular imprinting experiments using the non-covalent approach. The choice of monomers is of course important to the... 

An intriguing report by Steinke et al. [ 17] describes the creation of molecularly imprinted anisotropic polymer monoliths . Optically transparent blocks of MIP using either methacrylic acid (MAA) or 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPSA) as functional monomers and TRIM (trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol trimethacrylate) as the cross-linker were synthesised using the photoactive template Michler s ketone... 

Monomer. St, styrene MMA, methyl methacrylate AN, acrylonitrile NIPAAm, /V-isopropylacrylamide MAA, methacryhc acid NDEAMA, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate MBAA, MW -methylene bisa-crylamide TRIM, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate ODVE, octadecylvinyl ether ODA, octadecyl acrylate DMAAm, iV,iV-dimethylacrylamide PyMMA, 1-pyrenylmethyl methacrylate AnMMA, 9-an-thracenylmethyl methacrylate HDT, 1,6-hexane dithiol TEGDVE, triethyleneglycol divinyl ether HEMA, hydroxyethyl methacrylate AAm, acrylamide PEG-DA, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate PEG-TA, poly(ethylene glycol) tetraacrylate. 

In situ preparation of imprinted polymer films on a QCM was performed using S-propranolol as the template [4]. A pre-polymerization mixture containing MAA, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM, a crosslinker), the template and acetonitrile (porogen) was poured on the electrode of the QCM and immediately covered by glass and polymerized by UV irradiation. A low amount of the crosslinker (about 40 % of total monomers) was used to prepare more flexible polymer, allowing the polymer to be stably adhered on the electrode. The sensor showed enantioselective response with a selectivity factor of 5, and the detectability of S-propranolol was 50 iM in acetonitrile. 

Again, opportunities are illustrated. Specifically, electron irradiation can be used to crosslink polymeric systems. This can be accomplished by irradiating the polymer alone, usually at a temperature above Tg (and above Tm if pertinent) ). Or it can be accomplished by irradiating a polymer in the presence of a polymerizable monomer, as has been done for many years in the wire and cable industry e.g., polyvinyl chloride plus a multifunctional monomer like trimethylolpropane-trimethacrylate(3. Electron irradiation can also be used to form graft copolymers. In fact, this can be accomplished in... 

For example, the early monomer mixtures contained crosslinker such as ethylene dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, monovinyl monomers such as butyl methacrylate, and AMPS. The initiator was originally 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile. However, the use of aromatic phenone initiators later enabled significant acceleration of the polymerization process such that it was completed in several minutes as opposed to more than 12 h. A large number of various porogenic solvents was also tested. 

Blends of EPDM rubber with GRT powders of 80 meshes in a proportion of 70/30 with three polyfunctional monomers including diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2G), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPT), and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (A-TMPT) were prepared and cured by the electron-beam irradiation of doses ranging from 25 kGy to 100 kGy (Yasin et al., 2012). The solubility of functional monomers in EPDM/GRT was ranked as A-TMPT > 2G > TMPT. The highest tensile strength was obtained in blend vulcanizates containing A-TMPT. 

Figure 5 Selection of common cross-linkers used in molecular imprinting protocols. Both ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) are very common crosslinkers in molecular imprinting. Other acrylate-based cross-linking monomers conunonly used include the branched cross-linker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM)-[24]. Among the water-soluble cross-linkers, there are phenylene-diacrylamide, V,V-methylene diacrylamide [22], and Z w-acryloylpiperazine [92], which have been used in aqueous systems for the imprinting of, e.g., enzymes.

Other monomers have been used. Koozu et al (1963) studied the effects of monomers, including diallyl phthalate, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). Gladstone et al. (1971) used monomers such as triallyl phosphate, acenaphthalene, and crotonic acid. Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate has been reported to give a tough, heat-resistant PVC after irradiation (White and Mann, 1967). 

More recently, Szymczak (1970) and Szymczak and Manson (1974a,ft) have reported a comparison of reactivities in a series of acrylates and methacrylates selected to have approximately equal concentrations of double bonds per mole. In this study, four monomers were used ethylidene dimethacrylate (EDMA) (divinyl) ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) (divinyl, isomeric with EDMA) trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) (trivinyl) and pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate (PTMA) (tetravinyl) see Figure 7.8. Concentrations up to 10% (based on PVC) were examined concentrations of double bonds (based on PVC) were kept equal to within +10% (see Table 7.2). In order to induce flexibility into the PVC resins, approximately 25% of DOP plasticizer was added before irradiation. 

The dispersed phase was injected through a 35 pm hole drilled in the acetate sheet. The formulation for the MIP synthesis, containing the template [(J, S)-propranolol], the monomer (methacrylic acid, MAA), the crosslinker (trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, TRIM), the photoinitiator (2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, DMPAP) and a porogenic solvent (acetonitrile), was emulsified at the T-junction with a mineral oil (heavy white) and then photopolymerized by UV irradiation in the spiral-like channel. The resulting MIP particles were compared with those obtained with a conventional batch process. The continuous microsystem-assisted process led to near-monodisperse particles (CV <2%), whereas the conventional process gave particles having a broad range of sizes (CV >10%). The same conclusion holds for... 

Liquid monomer ethyl-, butyl-, isobutyl-, hy-droxypropyl-, and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate ethylene glycol- and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate other esters of methacrylic acid 4-methoxyphenol, NyN-dimethyl-p-toludine, hydroquinone, resorcinol, and p-dimethylamino-chlorbenzene... 

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