Monoclonal recombinant

Seeing better through a MIST evaluation of monoclonal recombinant antibody fragments on microarrays. 

Angenendt, P. Wilde, J. Kijanka, G. Baars, S. Cahill, D. J. Kreutzberger, J. Lehrach, H. Konthur, Z. Glokler, J., Seeing better through a mist Evaluation of monoclonal recombinant antibody fragments on microarrays, Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 2916-2921... 

Product formation kinetics in mammalian cells has been studied extensively for hybridomas. Most monoclonal antibodies are produced at an enhanced rate during the Gq phase of the cell cycle (8—10). A model for antibody production based on this cell cycle dependence and traditional Monod kinetics for cell growth has been proposed (11). However, it is not clear if this cell cycle dependence carries over to recombinant CHO cells. In fact it has been reported that dihydrofolate reductase, the gene for which is co-amplified with the gene for the recombinant protein in CHO cells, synthesis is associated with the S phase of the cell cycle (12). Hence it is possible that the product formation kinetics in recombinant CHO cells is different from that of hybridomas. 

Commercial use of cell and tissue culture continues to expand. Improvement of organisms through recombinant nucleic acid techniques has become commonplace. Formerly, a few laboratories were well ahead of most others, but now the methods have been perfected for routine use. Another technique that is widely practiced is culturing of cells that excrete high concentrations of just one antibody protein. The specificity of antibodies and antigens is exploited in medical testing procedures using these pure monoclonal antibodies. 

Recombinant humanized monoclonal antibodies have been used recently to target antigens that are preferentially located on cancer cells. Examples include trastuzumab and rituximab which are used to treat HER2 positive breast cancer and B-cell type lymphomas, respectively. Unwanted side effects include anaphylactic reactions. 

Biotech products based on recombinant DNA, gene expression or hybridoma/monoclonal antibody technologies. 

Rituximab is a recombinant mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody whose in vitro activity varies with the number of terminal galactose moieties glycosylated to the peptide backbone at residue asparagine 301 [8]. The ability to monitor the levels of each discrete species present would allow the manufacturing process to... 

It is critical to keep in mind that existing reagents can be used for multiple formats. Eor example, polyclonal antibodies dominate the environmental field because they generally provide greater sensitivity and specificity for small molecules at a much lower cost than do monoclonal or recombinant antibodies. With some biosensors monoclonal or engineered antibodies or recombinant binding proteins may offer advantages. 

Santora, L. C., Krull, I. S., and Grant, K., Characterization of recombinant human monoclonal tissue necrosis factor-alpha antibody using cation-ex-change HPLC and capillary isoelectric focusing, Anal. Biochem., 275, 98,1999. 

In E. Coli bacterial lysates, the proteome (i.e., the full array of proteins produced) was analyzed by isoelectric focusing and mass spectrometry.97 A comparison of capillary electrophoretic separation and slab gel separation of a recombinant monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the precision, robustness, speed, and ease-of-use of CE were superior.98 Seventy-five proteins from the yeast ribosome were analyzed and identified by capillary electrophoresis coupled with MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry.99 Heavy-chain C-terminal variants of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody DE7 have been separated on capillary isoelectric focusing.100 Isoforms differing by about 0.1 pi units represented antibodies with 0,1 or 2 C-terminal lysines. 

Hunt G. and Nashabeh W., Capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate nongel sieving analysis of a therapeutic recombinant monoclonal antibody a biotechnology perspective, Anal. Chem. 71, 2390,1999. 

Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that inhibits binding of IgE to receptors on mast cells and basophils, resulting in the inhibition of mediator release and attenuation of the early- and late-phase allergic response. It may be a treatment option for moderate to severe persistent asthmatics 12 years of age or older whose asthma is not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and who have a positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to perennial allergens.37 Omalizumab significantly decreases inhaled corticosteroid use, number and length of exacerbations, and increases asthma-related quality of life.37... 

Adalimumab is a recombinant human IgGl monoclonal antibody specific for human TNF.27 Adalimumab binds to soluble and bound TNF-a. Patients may experience symptomatic relief in as early as 1 week. Adalimumab can be administered in combination with methotrexate or other DMARDs.2... 

Clinical trials have indicated that omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgE antibody approved for use in moderate to severe persistent asthma in patients with reactivity to a perennial allergen, is effective in the treatment of SAR.25-27 Omalizumab inhibits the binding of IgE to mast cell and basophil receptors, resulting in a reduction of allergic mediator release.25 Additionally, serum free IgE levels are decreased.2 27 In SAR patients, omalizumab improves quality of life and nasal symptoms and reduces antihistamine needs. The most effective dose in SAR appears to be omalizumab 300 mg administered subcutaneously every 3 to 4 weeks depending on baseline IgE levels.26,27... 

Kogenate FS Recombinant Solvent detergent, monoclonal antibody Albumin (fermentation only) sucrose... 

The recombinant monoclonal antibody rituximab is an effective treatment option for some patients with non-Hodgkin s lymphoma as a single agent and enhances the efficacy of combination chemotherapy regimens. 

Biotechnology era beginning First recombinant DNA products Human insulin Human growth hormone Interferons, etc. Monoclonal antibodies Nucleotide blockage Growth in use of natural products and neutraceuticals... 

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