Human insulin biotechnological production

Biotechnology era beginning First recombinant DNA products Human insulin Human growth hormone Interferons, etc. Monoclonal antibodies Nucleotide blockage Growth in use of natural products and neutraceuticals... 

The biotechnology industry has evolved significantly since the introduction in 1982 of human insulin synthesized in Escherichia coli—the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved recombinant therapeutic agent in the United States. Since then, over 75 other recombinant proteins have been introduced. The list is comprised of cytokines, hormones, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. There are more than 1100 companies competing for this market, and the current sale of these products comprises approximately 10% of the sales of all therapeutic products sold in the United States. One such product, erythropoietin, an erythropoiesis-stimulating factor also known... 

Insulin is an early and classic example of a biotechnology product. It illustrates some of the general problems that are associated with peptide drugs and how modem technology leads to improved therapy. Prior to the production of human insulin by cell-based fermentation processes, treatment was with pancreatic extracts of porcine or bovine origin. Many patients developed insulin resistance, and... 

Fermentation in its simplest forms, such as the production of bread or wine, is very old technology. In its application with recombinant DNA to produce pharmacologically active proteins (erythropoetin, human growth hormone, human insulin), it is central to the modem biotechnological revolution. In between, it is the method for production of antibiotics and vitamin B12 and provides a step in the production of vitamin C and the synthesis of cortisone from diosgenin. 

The recombinant DNA technology of Cohen and Boyer enabled them to generate the first commercial product in 1978 human insulin expressed in Escherichia coli. These efforts also led to the first biotech company on 15 October 1980 Genen-tech went public on the New York Stock Exchange. Fascination about this modern biopharmaceutical and the huge potential of the new biotechnology caused the stock price to jump from US 35 to 89 in the first 20 minutes by the evening of the same day, the market capitalization was US 66 million ... 

The biotechnology industry had its share of major R D and clinical trial success. The big gains for biotech products are mainly in anemia cancer TNF alpha inhibitors human insulin with short, mixed, and long duration of action interferon for multiple sclerosis and hepatitis C monoclonal antibodies for cancer RSV and immuno-inflammatory diseases. This success has resulted in attracting top pharmaceutical companies and R D funds for biosimilar products with improved properties. It is easier for start-up companies in the above areas to attract capital and angel investors or to conclude licensing deals and find marketing partners. 

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