Nucleic acids techniques

Commercial use of cell and tissue culture continues to expand. Improvement of organisms through recombinant nucleic acid techniques has become commonplace. Formerly, a few laboratories were well ahead of most others, but now the methods have been perfected for routine use. Another technique that is widely practiced is culturing of cells that excrete high concentrations of just one antibody protein. The specificity of antibodies and antigens is exploited in medical testing procedures using these pure monoclonal antibodies. 

Walker, J. (ed.) (1989) Nucleic acid techniques in methods in molecular biology, Humana Press Inc., USA. 

Recombinant-DNA organism—an organism in which the genetic material has been changed through in vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and recombinant ribonucleic acid (RNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid into cells and organelles. 

E. Stackebrandt and M. Goodfellow (eds.), Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial System-atics. Wiley, Chichester, 1991. 

For studies of hematological malignancies, the sequence-specific fluorescence probe-based systems provide the advantage of an important further test for identification of the sequence of interest by virtue of hybridization of fluo-rescently labeled internal probes to the amplified target sequence. The most commonly used sequence-specific chemistries include the exonuclease (TaqMan), the linear hybridization probe, and the hairpin-based (Molecular Beacon) systems. (See Chapter 37 for further information on nucleic acid techniques.)... 

Salt Lake City, Utah Nucleic Acid Techniques... 

Medical Director of the Advanced Technology Group ARUP Laboratories Salt Lake City, Utah Nucleic Acid Techniques... 

A substantial book dealing with new nucleic acid techniques, both chemical and molecular biological, has appeared, and, as usual, several symposium reports demand commendation for the wealth of interesting papers which they contain.4... 

Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 4 New Nucleic Acid Techniques (Ed. J.M. Walker), Humana Press, Clifton, 1988. 

Animal Cell Culture, edited hy Jeffrey W, Pollard and JohnM. Walker, 1990 4. New Nucleic Acid Techniques, edited by John M. Walker, 1988 3. New Protein Techniques, edited by John M. Walker, 1988 2. Nucleic Acids, edited by John M. Walker, 1984 1. Proteins, edited by John M, Walker, 1984... 

Stahl DA, Amann R (1991) Development and application of nucleic acid probes. In Stackebrandt E, Goodfellow M (eds) Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systemat-ics. John Wiley Sons, London, pp 205-247... 

Walker, J.M. Methods in Molecular Biology. New Nucleic Acid Techniques Humana Press CHifton, NJ, 1988 Vol. 4. 

Modem biotechnology has been defined as the application of a) In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid into cells or organelles, or b) Fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family, that overcome natural physiological reproductive or recombination barriers and that are not techniques used in traditional breeding and selection, in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (SCBD, 2000) and by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex, 2003a). 

Expression of the inserted DNA can be determined by use of either nucleic acid techniques such as northern blotting to detect recombinant RNA or by antibody-based methods such as western blotting to detect protein encoded by the inserted DNA. When performing analyses to characterise the expression of the inserted DNA, care should be taken to ensure that the conditions used for analysis (such as the tissues examined and the growth conditions used) are relevant to the risk/safety assessment. Once identified, the expression products from the inserted DNA can be characterised and assessed for risk/safety. 

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