Mono-ethanol-amine

Mono ethanol amine (MEA). A solvent used to dissolve other laundry detergent ingredients. It also lowers the freezing point of liquid laundry products to allow them to be transported in cold weather. 

Ethylene- diamine Mono- ethanol- amine Morpholine... 

A typical example of the application of ceramic membranes in chemical industry is the cleaning of mono ethanol amine. Mono ethanol amine (MEA) is used for the absorption of H2S from acid gasses but is polluted during this process by various organic compounds. Filtration of the MEA over 0.2 pm HIC ceramic membranes at an average flux of 32 1/m h produces a clean, transparent yellow liquid, free of solids. Filtration temperature is 37°C, pH is about 11.5. Tests lasted successfully for over 700 h. Another example is the filtration of Ti02 from a waste stream in the so-called sulphuric acid process... 

Dimethyl formamide C4 hydrocarbons Butadiene mono-ethanol amine aromatics... 

Figure 5 Dynamic interfacial tensions in mass transfer processes. (A) Schematic for variation of surfactant SDS on a droplet surface with its growth at a T-junction. The continuous phase is a Tween-20 aqueous solution and the dispersed phase is hexane in the experiment of those images. (B) Interfacial tensions at the droplet pinch-off moment with the variation of phosphoric acid concentration in the water phase. The continuous phase is a phosphoric acid aqueous solution and the dispersed phase is methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). (C) Interfacial tensions at the bubble pinch-off moment with the variation of CO2 concentration in the gas phase. The continuous phase is a mono ethanol amine (MEA) aqueous solution and the dispersed phase is a CO2-N2 mixture. Panel (A) This figure is adapted from Wang et al (2009) with permission of the American Chemical Society.

A liquid-liquid extraction tower broke in half. The detonation of the resulting cloud of hydrocarbons killed most of the victims. Figure 39.2 shows the process the extraction of hydrogen sulfide by MEA (mono-ethanol-amine). A liquid propane stream containing... 

The cyanides and the acetic acid by themselves would not likely use the vessel wall to crack. It was the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the MEA solution which may have been the main culprit. The moles of hydrogen sulfide divided by the moles of mono-ethanol-amine is called the amine molal load. This amine load should be kept... 

Fig. 5-26 shows the separation of mono-, di-, and triethylamine, accomplished by using octanesulfonic acid as the ion-pair reagent. The less-hydrophobic hexanesulfonic acid is used in combination with boric add as the eluent for the separation of ethanol-amines, as shown in Fig. 5-27. These compounds are detected by measuring the electrical conductance, thus the background conductance is generally lowered with a membrane suppressor. The addition of boric acid to both the eluent and the regenerent serves to enhance the sensitivity for di- and triethanolamine.

The reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia to form ethanol-amines is an example of a process where the kinetics of product distribution is most important. In this process, the reaction is fast and the reactor required is very small compared to the separation and finishing equipment needed in the process. For this reason the absolute rate of reaction is of minor importance. The relative rates of the reactions to form mono-, di-, or triethanolamine are extremely important for economic yield and product distribution. 

Mono- ethanol- amlne Di- ethanol- amine Trl- elhanoF amine 85 Triethanolamine 99 Mono- ieepiepanal- amhie Dlleopro- panol- amlne Trl- iaoprepanol- amlna Isopro- panotamlne Mixture... 

Hikita et al., 1980 (25) suggested the use of Scheibel s equation (1.20) to correlate their diffusivity values of mono-, di- and tri-ethanol amines in aqueous solution at 25 C and proposed... 

Among them, we can mention pressure swing adsorption, membranes, use of CaO, physical adsorbents, or chemical adsorbents. One of the most used belongs to the last of the groups. It consists of the use of a solution of ethanol amines (mono, di, or tri), mixtures of some of them. In this example, we present an iterative procedure that requires the solution of nonlinear equations within the loops as well as the use of built-in functions such as summation (SIGMA). 

In this and the method to be described below the mono- and di-ethanol-amine present do not interfere, and only the triethanolamine is determined hence the amount of original commercial triethanolamine can only be assessed approximately from the result obtained. The total bases can be determined by titration with standard acid to methyl red. 1 ml N... 

Ethylamines. Mono-, di-, and triethylamines, produced by catalytic reaction of ethanol with ammonia (330), are a significant outlet for ethanol. The vapor-phase continuous process takes place at 1.38 MPa (13.6 atm) and 150—220°C over a nickel catalyst supported on alumina, siUca, or sihca—alumina. In this reductive amination under a hydrogen atmosphere, the ratio of the mono-, di-, and triethylamine product can be controlled by recycling the unwanted products. Other catalysts used include phosphoric acid and derivatives, copper and iron chlorides, sulfates, and oxides in the presence of acids or alkaline salts (331). Piperidine can be ethylated with ethanol in the presence of Raney nickel catalyst at 200°C and 10.3 MPa (102 atm), to give W-ethylpiperidine [766-09-6] (332). 

The reductive amination of ketones can be carried out under hydrogen pressure in the presence of palladium catalysts. However, if enantiopure Q -aminoketones are used, partial racemization of the intermediate a-amino imine can occur, owing to the equilibration with the corresponding enam-ine [102]. Asymmetric hydrogenation of racemic 2-amidocyclohexanones 218 with Raney nickel in ethanol gave a mixture of cis and trans 1,2-diamino cyclohexane derivatives 219 in unequal amounts, presumably because the enamines are intermediates, but with excellent enantioselectivity. The two diastereomers were easily separated and converted to the mono-protected cis- and trans- 1,2-diaminocyclohexanes 220. The receptor 221 has been also synthesized by this route [103] (Scheme 33). 

Thoma A process for alkylating aniline with methanol or ethanol, to produce mixtures of mono- and di-alkylanilines. Operated in hot, concentrated phosphoric acid in a vertical tubular reactor. The proportions of secondary and tertiary amines can be partly controlled by controlling the ratios of the reactants the products are separated by fractional distillation. Invented in 1954 by M. Thoma in Germany. 

The catalyst [Ir(COD)Cl]2/P(OPh)3 was highly effecHve also for allyhc airuna-Hons. Branched monoallylahon products were mainly obtained with primary amines as nucleophiles and Hnear fE)-allylic substrates. In contrast, mixtures of Hnear mono- and disubsHtuHon products are usually produced with Pd-catalysts. Many types of amine could be used, for example benzylairune, piperidine and anihne [14]. In terms of allyhc substrates, carbonates were more suitable than acetates. With regards to the solvent, the best results were obtained with ethanol, with complete conversion typicaUy being achieved after a reacHon time of 3 h at 50°C. The reacHons of (Z)-aUylic carbonates to give Hnear fZj-propenylamines proceeded with perfect stereospecificity. 

Reaction between an amine salt and cyanamide has been used successfully for the synthesis of many mono- and poly-alkylguanidines [84-95], and also of alkoxyguanidines [96, 97] and aryloxyguanidines [98]. The reaction is usually carried out in boiling water or ethanol for from 1 to 24 hours. Higher temperatures have been employed using sealed tubes [99,100] or butanol as a solvent [82,101]. 

Alkyl nitrites can also be used in anhydrous media and, for example, 4-hydroxyben-zenediazonium tetrafluoroborate is isolated in 89% yield after diazotization with isopcntyl nitrite, hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride in ethanol/diethyl ether.96 Diazotization can also be performed in dichloromethane or ethers (diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane) with terl-butyl nitrite and boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex which generates nitrosyl fluoride in situ.229 Excess boron trifluoride is used to trap water and tert-butyl alcohol, so that the reaction can be considered as being performed under complete anhydrous conditions. Yields are higher in dichloromethane, but 1,2-dimethoxyethane is preferred for less soluble amines. This procedure has been successfully applied to the synthesis of mono-and difluorobenzo[c]phcnanthrenes.230... 

In general, however, the diacetyl derivatives are unstable in the presence of water, undergoing hydrolysis to the monoacetyl compound, so that when they (or a mixture of mono- and di-acetyl derivatives) are crystallised from an aqueous solvent, e.g. dilute ethanol, only the monoacetyl derivative is obtained. Highly substituted amines (e.g. Expt 6.59) react extremely slowly with acetic anhydride, but in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst, acetylation occurs rapidly. 

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