Threat monitoring

Monitoring threat information should be a regular part of a security program manager s job, and utility-, facility-, and region-specific threat levels and information should be shared with those responsible for security. As part of security planning, chemical facilities should develop systems to access threat information and procedures that will be followed in the event of increased industry or facility threat levels, and should be prepared to put these procedures in place immediately, so that adjustments are seamless. Involving local law enforcement and FBI is critical. 

In a similar way to the changes to oil and gas safety regulation in the USA following the M conAo-Deepwater Horizon accident, NISA was one of the first organizational victims of the tsunami. NISA was a division within MITI, the Japanese Ministry for Trade and Industry (MITI). One of MITFs roles was the promotion of the nuclear industry, so there was a clear conflict of interest within MITI. NISA was seen to be insufficiently challenging to the Japanese nuclear industry, and insufficiently pro-active in monitoring threats and the industry s responses to those threats. 

Intrinsic bioremediation is becoming an acceptable option in locations where the contaminated groundwater poses Htde threat to environmental health. Nevertheless, although intrinsic bioremediation is appealingly simple, it may not be the lowest cost option if there are extensive monitoring and documentation costs involved for several years. In such cases it may well be more cost effective to optimize conditions for biodegradation. 

Maintaining external awareness. Beyond understanding customer needs, a set process monitors external threats and opportunities from a variety of sources. 

Full therapeutic effect of the antidepressant may not be attained for 10 days to 4 weeks. Patients with suicidal tendencies must be monitored closely. Report any expressions of guilt, hopelessness helplessness insomnia, weight toss and direct or indirect threats of suicide. 

Manufacturers should also report incidents where user error resulted in death or a serious deterioration in the state of health, or created a serious threat to public health. The manufacturer is also obliged to monitor trends and report where a significant increase in the level of incidents is observed, even if individual incidents would not be reportable in isolation. Abnormal use events should be addressed to the healthcare facility where they occur. The manufacturer should endeavour to report incidents immediately, once they become aware of the suspected involvement of their device, but in any event the following time limits must be respected ... 

Metal contaminants can in some cases be immobilized in situ by oxidation or reduction, or precipitated by reaction with sulfide. Sulfate reducing bacteria are sometimes stimulated to produce sulfide, or a sulfur-bearing compound such as calcium polysulfide can be injected into the subsurface as a reductant and sulfide source. In certain cases where the contamination poses little immediate threat, it can safely be left to attenuate naturally (e.g., Brady et al., 1998), a procedure known as monitored natural attenuation. 

Clark, D.R., Jr. 1992. Qrganochlorines and heavy metals in 17-year cicadas pose no apparent dietary threat to birds. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 20 47-54. 

Lemly, A.D. 1996a. Assessing the toxic threat of selenium to fish and aquatic birds. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 43 19-35. 

Chemical sensors that can be used to identify potential threats to process water and industrial wastewater systems include inorganic monitors (e.g., chlorine analyzer), organic monitors (e.g., total organic carbon analyzer), and toxicity meters. Radiological meters can be used to measure concentrations of several different radioactive species. 

Threats to chemical facilities from radioactive contamination could involve two major scenarios. First, the facility or its assets could be contaminated, preventing workers from accessing and operating the facility/assets. Second, the feed water supply could be contaminated. These two scenarios require different threat reduction strategies. The first scenario requires that facilities monitor for radioactive substances as they are brought on-site the second requires that feed water assets be monitored for radioactive contamination. While the effects of radioactive contamination are basically the same under both threat types, each of these threats requires different types of radiation monitoring and different types of equipment. 

Feature 10. Monitor available threat-level information and escalate security procedures in response to relevant threats. 

Environmental monitoring and toxicological studies dealing with water [266, 296-298], sediment [299-301], mussels [300], and fish [296,297,302] imply that these compounds continue to pose a major ecotoxicological threat in the aquatic environment. 

Nanomaterials hold promise for elegant solutions to numerous environmental concerns, from implementation of green chemistry processes for industrial and agrochemical uses (e.g., Mohanty et al. 2003 McKenzie and Hutchison 2004) to production of novel materials for treatment of various contaminants (e.g., Dror et al. 2005 Nurmi et al. 2005 Nagaveni et al. 2004 Kuhn et al. 2003). However, these possibilities also bring new threats that must be considered and monitored. Nanomaterials magnify and stimulate properties that, at larger scales, are in many... 

Because airborne and volatile contaminants can present a significant threat to industrial workers health and safety, identification and quantification of these airbome and volatile contaminants through air/soil monitoring is an essential component of a health and safety program at an industrial site having hazardous substances. The purpose of air and soil monitoring is to identify and quantify airbome and volatile hazardous contaminants in order to determine the level of plant worker s protection needed. 

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