Green chemistry processes

Green chemistry processing (no environmental restrictions, virtually no organic solvents)... 

We have devised a very simple procedure for the preparative synthesis of various aldonic acids from the corresponding aldoses. This green chemistry process takes advantage of the availability of cheap, robust industrial enzymes. 

Nanomaterials hold promise for elegant solutions to numerous environmental concerns, from implementation of green chemistry processes for industrial and agrochemical uses (e.g., Mohanty et al. 2003 McKenzie and Hutchison 2004) to production of novel materials for treatment of various contaminants (e.g., Dror et al. 2005 Nurmi et al. 2005 Nagaveni et al. 2004 Kuhn et al. 2003). However, these possibilities also bring new threats that must be considered and monitored. Nanomaterials magnify and stimulate properties that, at larger scales, are in many... 

Liquids made of ions Usually when we think of ionic compounds, vve think of high-melting solids sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, lithium carbonate, and so forth. But yes, there also ionic compounds that are liquid at room temperature, and they are gaining importance as reaction solvents, particularly for use in green chemistry processes (see the Chapter 11 foais O/i). 

Education is a key factor to achieving this new vision, and therefore, together with the definition of roadmaps, it is necessary to spread the concepts of sustainable industrial chemistry to students, scientists and managers in the sector. Even though many books have been published on green chemistry, process intensification and other key elements to implement a sustainable industrial chemistry, we believe that a more global vision of this topic is necessary. 

TSl has also been used in commercial epoxidations of small alkenes. A major limitation with this catalyst is its small pore size, typical of many zeolite materials. This makes it unsuitable for larger substrates and products. Again like many zeolites, it is also less active than some homogeneous metal catalysts and this prevents it from being used in what would be a highly desirable example of a green chemistry process - the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol. At the time of writing, commercial routes to this continue to be based on atom-inefficient and wasteful processes such as decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide, or via sulfonation (Scheme 1.1-3). 

O2 and H2 are completely miscible with scCOi. This reduces multi-phase reaction problems Heterogeneous catalysis for green chemistry processes... 

As is seen in the above examples, many of the approaches that center on the replacement of a hazardous feedstock also address environmental concerns associated with the other elements of the synthetic pathway such as solvents, catalysts, etc. A concern about Green Chemistry that has been expressed is that when one aspect of a synthetic pathway is improved, additional hazards in other parts of the pathway are generated. While this concern needs to be kept in mind when evaluating a Green Chemistry process, the exact opposite is most often observed. When chemistry is... 

Microbial PHA first received widespread attention during the petroleum crisis of the 1970s as a potential substitute for petrochemical-based plastics. Besides being a thermoplastic with properties comparable to that of PE, PHA are also completely biodegradable. The ability to produce PHA from renewable carbon sources also ensures a sustainable green chemistry process. A considerable amount of work has been focused on the production of various types of PHA for applications as commodity plastics. Initially, PHA were used to make everyday articles such as shampoo bottles and packaging materials. 

Desai AA (2011) Sitaghptin manufacture a compelling tale of green chemistry, process intensification, and industrial asymmetric catedysis. Angew Chem Int Ed 50 1974—1976... 

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