Process safety models

Hofelich, T.C., J.B. Powers and D.J. Frurip 1994. "Determination of Compatibility via Thermal Analysis and Mathematical Modeling." Process Safety Progress 13(4) 227. October. 

Frank WL. Process safety culture in the CCPS risk based process safety model. Process Safety Progress vol.26, no.3. Hoboken, New Jersey Wiley Subscription Services 2007. 

S. R. Hanna and P. J. Drivas, Guidelines for Use ofUapor Cloud Dispersion Models American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety, New York, 1987. 

FIG. 26-54 Horizontal dispersion coefficient for Pasquill-Gifford plume model, Reprinted ffomD. A. Ct owl and J. F. Louvar, Chemical Process Safety, Fundamentals with Applications, Z.9.90, p. 138. Used hy permission of Ft entice Hall)... 

FIG. 26 57 Vertical dispersion coefficient for Pasqiiill-Gifford puff model. These data are based only on the data points shown and should not he considered rehahle elsewhere. (Reprinted from D. A. Cr owl and J. F. Louvar Chemical Process Safety, Fiiudanieutals with Applications, 1990, p. 140. Used hy permission of Prentice Hall. )... 

Specific titles within each of the operating phases can be determined using a job task analysis in concert with the technology package and process safety information. Appendix D, ISD Model and Job Task Analysis Techniques, provides basic guidance in this useful method. 

In 1989, CCPS published the Guidelines for Technical Management of Ghemical Process Safety, which presented a model for Process Safety Management characterized by twelve distinct, essential, and interrelated elements. The Foreword to that book stated ... 

For the first time, all the essential elements and components of a model of a technical management program in chemical process safety have been assembled in one document. We believe the Guidelines provide the umbrella under which all other CCPS Technical Guidelines will be promulgated. 

Dr. Richard Walentowicz provided the EPA CD-ROM disk entitled Exposure Models Library and Integrated Model Evaluation System" with other reference material. Lester Wittenberg of the Center for Chemical Process Safety, AIChE was particularly helpful in providing a chenncal industry perspective and reference material as was Dr. Steven Arendt of JBF Associates, Inc. Drs. David Hesse of Battelle Columbus Laboratories and Vinod Mubayi of Brookhaven National Laboratory were very helpful in providing material on the chemical consequence codes. 

The CCPS model for PSM was first provided in A Challenge to Commitment and later explained in Guidelines for Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety. 

The CCPS model describes process safety management systems in terms of 12 elements and 68 components. The elements and components appear as Table 1.1 on pages 2 and 3 of this book. 

The CCPS model was designed for applicability throughout the process industries, and is also applicable beyond process safety to other areas of safety, health, and environmental protection. 

This model is unique in its description of what constitutes a management system, and its effort to address the planning, organizing, implementing, and control aspects of process safety management systems. 

Comparison of these models quickly shows that they are all very similar. There are differences in terminology and emphasis, but the fundamental concepts of process safety management are consistent. For example ... 

This ranking exercise can be assigned to one or two team members as a subtask. Consider selecting a teammate with experience in facility operations to compile the necessary data and one with process safety and computer experience to run the models. The resulting report can then be shared with the full team and included in the plan you submit to your management. 

A related limitation of the model program approach is that these "transplants" rarely take full advantage of opportunities to link PSM into other company systems, for example, using existing human resources systems to manage process safety-related training. 

The first document produced under the CCPS program was a brochure entitled "A Challenge to Commitment," which was mailed to the CEOs of more than 1500 companies. It provides an overview and an outline of a comprehensive model for the technical management of chemical process safety, characterized by twelve distinct and essential elements. 

The applications of the SRK, GEMS, stepladder and sequential block diagram models to human error in process safety can be summarized as follows ... 

This chapter addresses all these issues. As with several of the earlier chapters, the overall approach to developing a plan should be modeled on that described in Chapter 5 of the CCPS publication Guidelines for Implementing Process Safety Management Systems. The approach recommended there is summarized in the following paragraphs. 

In the example discussed in Section 4.2, the company found that by integrating its accident/incident investigations across its process safety and occupational safety activities, it has saved one year of duplicate time to date by avoiding conflicting models and coordinating training efforts. This represents a 50 percent reduction in effort. 

The EPA should consider establishing a national Center for Engineering Research on Environmental Protection and Process Safety (CERES), modeled on the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Chemical and process engineering researchers would benefit from a special collection of state-of-the-art laboratory facilities and computational resources dedicated to research on environmental protection, process... 

Sugiyama, H., Hirao, M., Mendivil, R., Fischer, U., Hungerbiihler, K. (2006) A Hierarchical Activity Model of Chemical Process Design Based on Life Cycle Assessment. Process Safety and... 

Guidelines for Safe Storage and Handling of High Toxic Hazard Materials Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models Understanding Atmospheric Dispersion of Accidental Releases Expert Systems in Process Safety... 

Proceedings of the International Conference on Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis, Human Factors, and Human Reliability in Process Safety, 1992 Proceedings of the International Conference/Workshop on Modeling and Mitigating the Consequences of Accidental Releases of Hazardous Materials, 1991... 

Jamerson SC, HG Fisher. Using constant slip ratios to model non-flashing (frozen) two-phase flow through nozzles. Process Safety Prog 18(2) 89-98, 1999. 

DanieI A. Crowl, Consequence Modeling for the EPA Risk Management Plan (RMP), Process Safety Progress (Spring 1997), pp. 1-5. 

Significant modifications were made to the following topics dispersion modeling, source modeling, flammability characterization, explosion venting, fundamentals of electrostatics, and case histories. This new edition also includes selected materials from the latest AICHE Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) books and is now an excellent introduction to the CCPS library. 

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