Mitsubishi Chemical Process

The largest production of acrylamide is in Japan the United States and Europe also have large production faciUties. Some production is carried out in the Eastern Bloc countries, but details concerning quantities or processes are difficult to obtain. The principal producers in North America are The Dow Chemical Company, American Cyanamid Company, and Nalco Chemical Company (internal use) Dow sells only aqueous product and American Cyanamid sells both Hquid and sohd monomer. In Europe, Chemische Eabrik Stockhausen Cie, Ahied CoUoids, The Dow Chemical Company, and Cyanamid BV are producers Dow and American Cyanamid are the only suppHers to the merchant market, and crystalline monomer is available from American Cyanamid. Eor Japan, producers are Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Mitsui Toatsu, and Nitto Chemical Industries Company (captive market). Crystals and solutions are available from Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi, whereas only solution monomer is available from Nitto. 

A.luminum Jilkyl Chain Growth. Ethyl, Chevron, and Mitsubishi Chemical manufacture higher, linear alpha olefins from ethylene via chain growth on triethyl aluminum (15). The linear products are then used as oxo feedstock for both plasticizer and detergent range alcohols and because the feedstocks are linear, the linearity of the alcohol product, which has an entirely odd number of carbons, is a function of the oxo process employed. Alcohols are manufactured from this type of olefin by Sterling, Exxon, ICI, BASE, Oxochemie, and Mitsubishi Chemical. 

Fig. 6. The Mitsubishi Gas Chemical process for trimeUitic anhydride. DMB — dimethylbenzaldehyde.

Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co. in Japan produces pyromellitic dianhydtide in the same unit used for trimellitic anhydtide production (105). This process starts with pseudocumene, which is first carbonylated with carbon monoxide in the presence of boron trifluotide and hydrogen fluotide to form 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde. The Hquid-phase oxidation of the trimethylbenzaldehyde to pyromellitic acid and subsequent processing steps ate much the same as described for the Mitsubishi Gas Chemical process in the trimellitic acid section. The production of pyromellitic anhydtide is in conjunction with a joint venture agreement with Du Pont. 

Most commercial processes produce polypropylene by a Hquid-phase slurry process. Hexane or heptane are the most commonly used diluents. However, there are a few examples in which Hquid propylene is used as the diluent. The leading companies involved in propylene processes are Amoco Chemicals (Standard OH, Indiana), El Paso (formerly Dart Industries), Exxon Chemical, Hercules, Hoechst, ICl, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Mitsubishi Petrochemical, Mitsui Petrochemical, Mitsui Toatsu, Montedison, Phillips Petroleum, SheU, Solvay, and Sumimoto Chemical. Eastman Kodak has developed and commercialized a Hquid-phase solution process. BASE has developed and commercialized a gas-phase process, and Amoco has developed a vapor-phase polymerization process that has been in commercial operation since early 1980. 

Mitsubishi Chemical uses a proprietary medium pressure rhodium-catalyzed process (29) in some plants which operate at 90—120°C and 5—10 MPa (725—1450 psi), and gives isomer ratios of about 4 1. 

DIAMOX A process for removing hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide from coke oven gas by absorption in aqueous ammonia. Developed by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries and Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha and operated in Japan. 

MHD [Mitsubishi hydrodealkylation] A thermal process for converting toluene to benzene. Developed by Mitsubishi Chemical. 

For clean gaseous effluents, such as those from nitric acid plants, the preferred catalyst is mordenite. For flue-gases containing fly ash, the preferred catalyst is titania-vanadia. The process was developed in Japan in the mid-1970s by a consortium of Hitachi, Babcock-Hitachi, and the Mitsubishi Chemical Company, and by the Sakai Chemical Industry Company. It is widely used in power stations in Japan and Germany. See also SNCR. 

Mitsubishi smelting process, 16 146 Mitsui Chemical methylamine process,... 

As a result, the second-generation processes used rhodium as the metal. The first rhodium-catalysed, ligand-modified process came on stream in 1974 (Celanese) and more were to follow in 1976 (Union Carbide Corporation) and in 1978 (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), all using triphenylphosphine (tpp). The UCC (now Dow) process has been licensed to many other users and it is... 

A possible economically attractive alternative would be the production of acrylic acid in a single step process starting from the cheaper base material propane. In the nineteen nineties the Mitsubishi Chemical cooperation published a MoVTeNb-oxide, which could directly oxidise propane to acrylic acid in one step [6], Own preparations of this material yielded a highly crystalline substance. Careful analysis of single crystal electron diffraction patterns revealed that the MoVTeNb-oxide consists of two crystalline phases- a hexagonal so called K-Phase and an orthorhombic I-phase, which is the actual active catalyst phase, as could be shown by preparing the pure phases and testing them separately. 

The biocatalytic acrylamide process is run by the Nitto Chemical Corp., now part of the Mitsubishi Rayon Corp., in Tokyo Bay on a scale of 30 000 tpy, in fed-batch mode up to 25-40% acrylamide at 0-10°C to complete conversion and with product yields > 99.9%, conditions under which a significant cost differential can be assumed with respect to the conventional chemical process. 

Other companies showing strong interest in the production of biobased succinic acid and its derivatives are Mitsubishi Chemical and Ajinomoto Company, Inc., which have agreed to collaboratively develop a biobased process to convert sugars into succinic acid. These companies plan to construct a succinic acid plant in Japan with an initial capacity of 30,000 metric t/yr (MT) by 2006 (42). Table 4 shows the current market estimates for the fossil-based chemicals, as well as 2020 market estimates for the biobased products potentially based on biobased succinic acid. 

Frontier Carbon Corporation s high output manufacturing has enabled it to sell this exotic carbon product at very reasonable prices. The lowered costs will drive industrial uses. Frontier Carbon is a joint venture between Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Mitsubishi Corporation and Nanotech Partners. It was the first firm to create industrial quantities of fullerenes. It was launched with a manufacturing capacity of 40 tons of fullerenes yearly, using the brand name Nanom. The secret to Frontier s success is a combustion method that it developed for the high-speed production of fullerenes. This cost-effective process is continuous, with a constant stream of fullerenes exiting the system. 

Mitsubishi Chemical Corp. developed a water-based ink composed of photo-chromic-containing capsules and an aqueous polymer binder.46 The average particle size of the capsules containing photochromic spirooxazine and antioxidant was 20 pm. By using this ink composition, cotton clothes could be screen printed. The printed part showed coloration within 10 s when exposed to sunlight and exhibited good fatigue resistance. Furthermore, it bleached within 15 s in the dark, and this process was observed repeatedly. 

Petrox A general term for processes that enhance the yield of organic oxidation processes (e.g., butane to maleic anhydride, propylene to acrylonitrile) by the use of oxygen instead of air. Selectivity is improved at the expense of conversion, and the feedstock hydrocarbon is recycled by use of a special molecular sieve. Developed by BOC Gases. The Petrox system for acrylonitrile was developed in association with Mitsubishi Chemical. 

Commercial plants The first commercial plant incorporating CT-BISA with a 70,000-tpy capacity was constructed for Shin Nippon Bisphenol Co., Japan, and has been successfully operated since 1991, in collaboration with Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. This plant has been revamped by Chiyoda to 95,000 tpy in 1999. A second facility, with 25,000-tpy capacity for Taiwan Prosperity Chemical Corp., Taiwan, has been successfully operated since 1995. A third facility, with 70,000-tpy capacity for Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Japan, started up in 1998 and has been revamped to 100,000 tpy by Chiyoda in 2000. In 2000, two new contracts have been awarded to CT-BISA Process, i.e., a 100,000-tpy BPA plant by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Japan and a 25,000-tpy plant by Bluestar, China-... 

Technology status Integrated process technology successfully demonstrated in a large pilot plant at Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Japan, for butane oxidation to maleic anhydride. Commercial plant designs are in progress... 

The Mitsubishi Chemical Company has described a process for the commercial production of L-aspartate using an cx-amino-zr-butyric acid resistant mutant of B. flavum [11]. The enzyme is moderately thermal resistant, allowing the process to be run at 45°C. The process is run using immobilized cells in a fed batch system in which the biocatalyst is recycled [4]. An initial problem was the conversion of fumarate to malic acid by an intracellular fumarase activity, which led to low l-aspartic acid yields during the first cycle. This problem was circumvented by preheating the biocatalyst for 1 hour at 45°C, which completely destroyed the fumarase activity [4,11]. Recently, the aspartase gene from B. flavum has been cloned [28] and has presumably been used to improve the efficiency of this process. 

For example, the 7th Green and Sustainable Chemistry Awards given in 2008 were dedicated to the development of (i) an environmentally benign THE polymerization process utilizing solid acid catalysis (various researchers of Mitsubishi Chemical),... 

Another interesting example is Mitsubishi s new route for the biocatalytic production of acrylamide [155], an intermediate produced in over 100 000 tons per year. The biocatalytic route (Figure 2.20a) is somewhat simpler than the chemical process (Cu catalyst). It is based on immobilized whole cells of Rh. rhodocrous J1 and operates under mild conditions (5 °C), that is, no polymerization inhibitors... 

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