Mitsubishi

The properties of these base stocks are compared to some corresponding PAOs in Table 7.28 and are very similar or better in terms of VI, volatility, and UV and oxidation stability, but of course neither is as competitive with respect to pour point. 

Source M. Ushio, K. Kamiya, T. Yoshida, and I. Honjou, Production of High VI Base Oil by VGO Deep Hydrocracking, Symposium on Processing, Characterization and Application of Lubricant Base Oils, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, August 23-28, 1992. With permission. 

FIGURE 7.22 Mitsubishi group III base stock production scheme. 

Source M. Takizawa, T. Takito, M. Noda, K. Inaba, Y. Yoshizumi, and T. Sasaki, Commercial Production of Two Viscosity Grades VHVH Basestocks, paper presented at the 1993 National Fuels and Lubricants meeting of the National Petroleum Refiners Association, Houston, Texas, November 4-5, 1993. With permission. 

---

Ultrasonic Flaw Detector The ultrasonic flaw detector used for the experiment was the FD- 61 OS type manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Co., Ltd. 

Mitsubishi Petrochemical, Jpn. Kokai Tokkvo Koho, JP 60 38843 Chem. Ahstr 103, 53812t (1985). 

The Showa Denka Company practices this reaction with a PX—MX mixture (24), whereas Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company uses high purity MX first to form the dicyanide (25). In both processes, hydrogenation to the diamine follows. y -Xylenediamine is reacted with phosgene to give / -xylene diisocyanate, which is used in urethane resins (26—28). 

Complex Formation. AH four Cg aromatic isomers have a strong tendency to form several different types of complexes. Complexes with electrophilic agents ate utilized in xylene separation. The formation of the HE-BF —MX complex is the basis of the Mitsubishi Gas—Chemical Company (MGCC) commercial process for MX recovery, discussed herein. Equimolar complexes of MX and HBr (mp — 77°C) and EB and HBr (mp — 103°C) have been reported (32,33). Similatly, HCl complexes undergo rapid formation and decomposition at —80°C (34). 

MX Separation Process. The Mitsubishi Gas—Chemical Company (MGCC) has commercialized a process for separating and producing high purity MX (104—113). In addition to producing MX, this process gready simplifies the separation of the remaining Cg aromatic isomers. This process is based on the formation of a complex between MX and HF—BF. MX is the most basic xylene and its complex with HF—BF is the most stable. The relative basicities of MX, OX, PX, and EB are 100, 2, 1, and 0.14, respectively. 

Fig. 9. Xylenes separation via Mitsubishi Gas—Chemical Co. HF-BF extraction—isomerization process (107). A = extractor B = decomposer C = separator D = isomerization reactor E = heavy ends tower F = raffinate tower G = separator H = light ends fractionator ...

The three major commercial Hcensors of xylenes isomerization processes are Engelhard, UOP, and Mobil. Several other companies have developed and used their own catalysts. These companies include Mitsubishi Gas—Chemical, Toray, ICI, Amoco, and Shell. AH of these processes are discussed herein. 

Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd. Polyplastics Co., Ltd. 

Joint venture, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical and Tongyoung Nylon Plants are beheved to be located in the USSR and Poland. 

Jptt Kokai I ll42,619 (Dec. 16, 1972), H. Miyamori (to Mitsubishi Edogawa Chemical Co.) Chem. Abstr. 78, 83833h (1973). 

Mitsui Toatsu Chemical, Inc. disclosed a similar process usiag Raney copper (74) shortiy after the discovery at Dow, and BASF came out with a variation of the copper catalyst ia 1974 (75). Siace 1971 several hundred patents have shown modifications and improvements to this technology, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, and reviews of these processes have been pubHshed (76). Nalco Chemical Company has patented a process based essentially on Raney copper catalyst (77) ia both slurry and fixed-bed reactors and produces acrylamide monomer mainly for internal uses. Other producers ia Europe, besides Dow and American Cyanamid, iaclude AUied CoUoids and Stockhausen, who are beheved to use processes similar to the Raney copper technology of Mitsui Toatsu, and all have captive uses. Acrylamide is also produced ia large quantities ia Japan. Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi are the largest producers, and both are beheved to use Raney copper catalysts ia a fixed bed reactor and to sell iato the merchant market. 

The largest production of acrylamide is in Japan the United States and Europe also have large production faciUties. Some production is carried out in the Eastern Bloc countries, but details concerning quantities or processes are difficult to obtain. The principal producers in North America are The Dow Chemical Company, American Cyanamid Company, and Nalco Chemical Company (internal use) Dow sells only aqueous product and American Cyanamid sells both Hquid and sohd monomer. In Europe, Chemische Eabrik Stockhausen Cie, Ahied CoUoids, The Dow Chemical Company, and Cyanamid BV are producers Dow and American Cyanamid are the only suppHers to the merchant market, and crystalline monomer is available from American Cyanamid. Eor Japan, producers are Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Mitsui Toatsu, and Nitto Chemical Industries Company (captive market). Crystals and solutions are available from Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi, whereas only solution monomer is available from Nitto. 

Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Company, Ltd. Mitsui-Cyanamid, Ltd. 

Patents claiming specific catalysts and processes for thek use in each of the two reactions have been assigned to Japan Catalytic (45,47—49), Sohio (50), Toyo Soda (51), Rohm and Haas (52), Sumitomo (53), BASF (54), Mitsubishi Petrochemical (56,57), Celanese (55), and others. The catalysts used for these reactions remain based on bismuth molybdate for the first stage and molybdenum vanadium oxides for the second stage, but improvements in minor component composition and catalyst preparation have resulted in yields that can reach the 85—90% range and lifetimes of several years under optimum conditions. Since plants operate under more productive conditions than those optimum for yield and life, the economically most attractive yields and productive lifetimes maybe somewhat lower. 

Such a concept was originally used in a process developed and Hcensed by UOP under the name UOP Sorbex (59,60). Other versions of the SMB system are also used commercially (61). Toray Industries built the Aromax process for the production of -xylene (20,62,63). Illinois Water Treatment and Mitsubishi have commercialized SMB processes for the separation of fmctose from dextrose (64—66). The foUowing discussion is based on the UOP Sorbex process. 

Mitsubishi Kasei, Mizushima, Japan 146 2-ethylhexanol propjiene... 

A.luminum Jilkyl Chain Growth. Ethyl, Chevron, and Mitsubishi Chemical manufacture higher, linear alpha olefins from ethylene via chain growth on triethyl aluminum (15). The linear products are then used as oxo feedstock for both plasticizer and detergent range alcohols and because the feedstocks are linear, the linearity of the alcohol product, which has an entirely odd number of carbons, is a function of the oxo process employed. Alcohols are manufactured from this type of olefin by Sterling, Exxon, ICI, BASE, Oxochemie, and Mitsubishi Chemical. 

Dipentaerythritol is sold by Perstorp AB and by Hercules (United States), ditrimethylolpropane by Perstorp AB both in relatively pure form. Tripentaerythritol is also available however, the purity is limited. Trimethylolethane is produced commercially by Alcolac (United States) and Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals (Japan). 

Ferroelectric—polymer composite devices have been developed for large-area transducers, active noise control, and medical imaging appHcations. North American Philips, Hewlett-Packard, and Toshiba make composite medical imaging probes for in-house use. Krautkramer Branson Co. produces the same purpose composite transducer for the open market. NTK Technical Ceramics and Mitsubishi Petrochemical market ferroelectric—polymer composite materials (108) for various device appHcations, such as a towed array hydrophone and robotic use. Whereas the composite market is growing with the invention of new devices, total unit volume and doUar amounts are small compared to the ferroelectric capacitor and ferroelectric—piezoelectric ceramic markets (see Medical imaging technology). 

---