Mistake

At this point you may have some mistakes in your schematic. You may have clicked the LEFT mouse button one too many times and placed too many resistors on your schematic, or you may have placed resistors too close to each other. To move parts follow the procedure below. For the moment we will assume that you wish to move a resistor. 

Click the LEFT mouse button on the resistor graphic, you wish to move. When the resistor graphic is high- 

When the graphic is highlighted in pink, drag the resistor graphic to the desired spot in the schematic. 

If you need to delete a part, follow Step 1 above. When the appropriate part is selected, press the DELETE key. 

The most commonly referred to error classification within the literature, however, is the slips, lapses, mistakes, and violations classification proposed by Reason (1990), an overview of which is presented below. 

The most common form of human error is the slip-based error. Slips are categorized as those errors in which the intention or plan was correct but the execution of the required action was incorrect. Within a process control context, an example of slip-based errors would be when a control room operator unintentionally presses the wrong button on a control panel. In this case, the intention (i.e., to press the appropriate button on the control panel) was correct, but the physical execution of the action was incorrect (i.e., pressing the wrong button on the control panel). Slips are therefore considered to be actions with the appropriate intention followed by the incorrect execution and are labeled action execution failures (Reason, 1990). 

Although slips reside in the observable actions made by operators, mistakes reside in unobservable plans and intentions. A mistake is therefore categorized as an inappropriate intention or wrong decision followed by the correct execution of the required 

FIGURE 14.1 Unsafe acts taxonomy. (Adapted from Reason, J.,//Mman i rror, Cambridge 

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An additional advantage derived from plotting the residuals is that it can aid in detecting a bad data point. If one of the points noticeably deviates from the trend line, it is probably due to a mistake in sampling, analysis, or reporting. The best action would be to repeat the measurement. However, this is often impractical. The alternative is to reject the datum if its occurrence is so improbable that it would not reasonably be expected to occur in the given set of experiments. 

However the forms of the curves in fig. 5 are not fully symraetrieal. There are several causes for this nonlinear behaviour. For instance even small un-symmetrics in the coil construction or measurement errors caused by small differences in the position of the coil to the underground or the direction of coil movement influence the measured data and results in mistakes. 

The ERS may not be misunderstood as being the defect s real size, since it only considers the portion of sound being reflected by the defect, and therefore the influences of the shape, the surface condition and the orientation of the defect are not taken into consideration. Unfortunately a lot of criticism was loaded onto the DGS method, because exactly this mistake was made in the early days of the DGS technique, and many people described the DGS-method as a technique for defect sizing". 

Side drilled holes are widely used as reference reflectors, especially when angle beam probes are used (e.g. for weld testing). However, the distance law of side drilled holes is different to that of a flat bottomed hole. In the literature [2] a conversion formula is given which allows to convert the diameter of a side drilled hole into the diameter of a flat bottomed hole and vice versa, valid in the far field only, and for diameters greater than 1.5 times the wave length. In practical application this formula can be used down to approximately one nearfield length, without making big mistakes. Fig. 2 shows curves recorded from real flat bottomed holes, and the uncorrected and corrected DGS curves. 

To determine time dependent behaviours of the specimen up to 25 measurements in series with different time delays are possible. To prevent mistakes in application many help comments appear when inputs are necessary or differences between the calibration and the measurement are detected. All calibration conditions, a description for the specimen and results can be printed or saved by the hard disk. To reduce the input expenditure, the last configuration is made to current values when the program is stopped ore leave. 

There is a fundamental difference between such scientific controversies and what simply can be called scientific fraud, i.e., deliberate falsification or fudging of data. Sloppy experimental work or data keeping can also lead to questionable or incorrect conclusions, and, although these violate established scientific standards and must be corrected (as they will), they do not necessarily represent deliberate fraud. In all this, the professor has a strict personal responsibility. As he/she is getting most of the recognition for the accomplishment of the research, it is only natural that he/she must also shoulder the responsibility for any mistakes, errors, or even falsifications. It is not accepta-... 

The term theoretical chemistry may be defined as the mathematical description of chemistry. The term computational chemistry is generally used when a mathematical method is sufficiently well developed that it can be automated for implementation on a computer. Note that the words exact and perfect do not appear in these definitions. Very few aspects of chemistry can be computed exactly, but almost every aspect of chemistry has been described in a qualitative or approximately quantitative computational scheme. The biggest mistake a computational chemist can make is to assume that any computed number is exact. However, just as not all spectra are perfectly resolved, often a qualitative or approximate computation can give useful insight into chemistry if the researcher understands what it does and does not predict. 

A method that avoids making the HF mistakes in the first place is called quantum Monte Carlo (QMC). There are several types of QMC variational, dilfusion, and Greens function Monte Carlo calculations. These methods work with an explicitly correlated wave function. This is a wave function that has a function of the electron-electron distance (a generalization of the original work by Hylleraas). 

This is a check on the reasonableness of the method chosen. For example, it would not be reasonable to select a method to investigate vibrational motions that are very anharmonic with a calculation that uses a harmonic oscillator approximation. To avoid such mistakes, it is important the researcher understand the method s underlying theory. 

When learning how to use a program, dozens of calculations may fail because the input was constructed incorrectly. Do not use the project molecule to do this. Make mistakes with something inconsequential, like a water molecule. 

The validation of the prediction equation is its performance in predicting properties of molecules that were not included in the parameterization set. Equations that do well on the parameterization set may perform poorly for other molecules for several different reasons. One mistake is using a limited selection of molecules in the parameterization set. For example, an equation parameterized with organic molecules may perform very poorly when predicting the properties of inorganic molecules. Another mistake is having nearly as many fitted parameters as molecules in the test set, thus fitting to anomalies in the data rather than physical trends. 

The best method Strike found for this [135] does not use ZnCI which is usually included in this procedure as a facilitator to the addition of the chlo-romethyl group [37 p539, 136]. Strike does not feel that mistake of omission had occurred so Strike will proceed as such. 366g 1,3-benzodioxole, 99g... 

If you make a mistake at any point you can undo the last operation by selecting Undo from the Edit menu or you can start over by selecting Clear from the Edit menu... 

It is often important in practice to know when a process has changed sufficiently so that steps may be taken to remedy the situation. Such problems arise in quality control where one must, often quickly, decide whether observed changes are due to simple chance fluctuations or to actual changes in the amount of a constituent in successive production lots, mistakes of employees, etc. Control charts provide a useful and simple method for dealing with such problems. 

A common mistake for beginners in mass spectrometry is to confuse average atomic mass and isotopic mass. For example, the average atomic mass for chlorine is close to 35.45, but this average is of the numbers and masses of Cl and Cl isotopes. This average must be used for instruments that cannot differentiate isotopes (for example, gravimetric balances). Mass spectrometers do differentiate isotopes by mass, so it is important in mass spectrometry that isotopic masses be used... 

Gopolymerization. The chemistry of the resin matrix, the type and degree of porosity, the particle size, and the particle size distribution are estabhshed in the copolymerization step. Formulations and operating procedures must be strictiy foHowed. Reaction vessels must be weH designed. Mistakes made during copolymerization are rarely corrected during functionalization. 

A reissue may be ordered to correct any minor or major mistake which occurred during prosecution of a patent, but the mistake must be one that makes the patent partially or whoUy inoperable. Inoperable essentially means that the patent caimot be enforced. For instance, a reissue proceeding can be used to correct inventorship or even broaden claims if the patent is less than two years old. However, such a request to broaden claims in the context of reissue may not be undertaken to recover subject matter canceled during examination. Further, a reissue proceeding may be undertaken to correct formal problems or address newly discovered prior art which affects the scope of the claims. The nature of a reissue proceeding directs that this mechanism should be used only when the vaUdity of the patent is in question owing to the error or problem in question. 

The slip velocity between gas and liquid is v, = Vc Vi. For two-phase gas/liqiiid flow, Ri + Rc = 1. A very common mistake in practice is to assume that in situ phase volume fractious are equal to input volume fraclions. 

Interlocks Some of these are provided for safety and are properly called safety interlocks. However, others are provided to avoid mistakes in processing the batch and are properly called process interlocks. 

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