Formula conversion

Side drilled holes are widely used as reference reflectors, especially when angle beam probes are used (e.g. for weld testing). However, the distance law of side drilled holes is different to that of a flat bottomed hole. In the literature [2] a conversion formula is given which allows to convert the diameter of a side drilled hole into the diameter of a flat bottomed hole and vice versa, valid in the far field only, and for diameters greater than 1.5 times the wave length. In practical application this formula can be used down to approximately one nearfield length, without making big mistakes. Fig. 2 shows curves recorded from real flat bottomed holes, and the uncorrected and corrected DGS curves. 

The Excel spreadsheet is constructed so that on page one, the referenced properties are listed in Column C, and the same with conversion factors to SI units in Column D. Conversion formulas and values calculated in SI Units are in Column E. Column F is a duplicate of Column E, and this can be used for additional calculation by changing to other conditions or to an entirely new case. It is recommended toleave Column E alone for a comparison case and to copy Column F to another page to execute calculations. 

Tables 3 and 4 contain values of the log water activity and log sulfuric acid activity in molarity units. These can be obtained at any temperature by using the polynomial coefficients supplied by Zeleznik,45 which are based on all of the preexisting thermodynamic data obtained for this medium. The numbers were converted to the molarity scale using the conversion formula given in Robinson and Stokes 46 Molarity-based water activities are given for HCIO4 in Tables 5 and 6. These are calculated from data obtained at 25°C by Pearce and Nelson,17...

Conversion Formulas. Often no convenient experimental method exists for evaluating a derivative needed for the numerical solution of a problem. In this case we must convert the partial derivative to relate it to other quantities that ate readily available. The key to obtaining an expression for a particular partial derivative is to start with the total derivative for the dependent variable and to realize that a derivative can be obtained as the ratio of two differentials [8]. For example, let us convert the derivatives of the volume function discussed in the preceding section. 

Table 1. Conversion Formulas for Various Concentration Units... 

Table 5 2 Conversion formulae for changes of pressure and gas type...

You want °C = °F, so replace one of the sides of the equation with its conversion formula. Replacing the °F with its conversion equivalence, you get an... 

Table III. Viscosity Calculations Observations and Conversion Formulas...

The Imaginary scale and the Celsius scale both have the same zero point (the freezing point of water), but they differ in the size of their units. The readings on the Celsius scale will always be just 100/180 = 5/9 of the readings on the Imaginary scale, so the conversion formula from one to the other is... 

Substituting 115 in the Fahrenheit-to-Celsius conversion formula, we have... 

Ozone Concentrations Cc(wtf cjvol.) Weight % Volume % Co g m"3 Conversion Formula... 

The principles to be followed in dynamic abrasion resistance measurement and the presentation of results as mean Mackensen-Mohs hardness (/fMM) or H0 hardness classes, on the basis of conversion formulae were discussed in detail in Chapter 4, along with analysis of the theoretical validity of the method and its comparison with other hardness measuring techniques. However, we do not have to convert to hardness units in every practical measurement. Often, determination of the susceptibility of a material to erosive destruction should prove an adequate engineering characteristic of a material. 

The formula approach Set up an equation using the temperature conversion formula for changing from Fahrenheit to Celsius ... 

Polymer clay must be fired at temperatures between 210-300 °F, which amount to 100-150 °C (conversion formula x°F = 5/9 (x - 32) °C). These temperatures are kept low in order not to affect the colours and dimensions of the particles. The firing time depends on the thickness of the object and can be as much as several hours. 

TABLE 11.5 Conversion Formulas for Solutions Having concentrations expressed in Various Ways... 

Here ax and e are representations of D3. The 9 and e components are resp. symmetric and antisymmetric under the C2 operator along the x direction. Combining Eqs. 47 and 48 with Eq. 9 then yields the conversion formula for the real t2g orbitals in trigonal and tetragonal frames ... 

The following dry and liquid tables will help you to quickly make compound conversions.Any amount not found in one of the tables can be converted by using one of the compound conversion formulas given below. 

The following compound conversion formulas can be used to convert from U.S. customary to grams/liter ... 

Make a fraction of the conversion formula, such that... 

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