Mint, Mentha

Erauseminze, /. curled mint (Mentha criapa) spearmint (Mentha apicata). 

LUPIEN, S., KARP, F., WILDUNG, M., CROTEAU, R., Regiospecific cytochrome P450 limonene hydroxylases from mint (Mentha) species cDNA isolation, characterization, and functional expression of (-)-45-limonene 3-hydroxylase and (-)-45-limonene 6-hydroxylase, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1999, 368, 181-192. 

BERTEA, C.M., SCHALK, M KARP, F., MAFFEI, M CROTEAU, R., Demonstration that menthofuran synthase of mint (Mentha) is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cloning, functional expression, and characterization of the responsible gene, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2001,390,279-286. 

Japanese mint Mentha canadensis L. (-)-Menthol (about 70)... 

Croteau R (1991) Metabolism of monoterpenes in mint (Mentha) species. Planta Med 57, S10-S14. 

Mint Mentha piperita L. Leaf/terminal shoot Bulgaria, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Morocco, Romania, Russia, UK... 

Because of the ease of qualitative analysis, first through distillation to isolate major components and, subsequently, through GLC, volatile oils have consistently attracted the attention of chemotaxonomists. These oils are almost invariably complex mixtures in which monoterpenes and/or sesquiterpenes usually predominate, although the bios)mthetically unrelated phenylpropanes can also be important. Some of the earliest studies on the genetic control of SM involved the oils of mints, Mentha (Murray, 1960). Volatile oils yielded the first properly documented examples of chemical races (Penfold and Morrison, 1927 Sutherland and Park, 1967), while Zavarin and co-workers (1971) provided clear evidence for the impact of environmental factors on the composition of volatile oil. Because of the comparative nature of GLG analysis, volatile oils were among the first compounds to be extensively studied at the population level and to be subjected to numerical analysis. The work of Adams on Juniperus in south-eastern USA... 

Menthol is a well-known terpenoid from the essential oil of mint Mentha spp.) (15), and is described here as a representative of the different acyclic and cyclic plant monoterpenoids. Because of its pleasant odor, taste, and anesthetic and antimicrobial effects, (-)-menthol is an industrially important terpenoid and is produced commercially in large scale both from the essential oils of Mentha spp. and by asymmetric synthesis. The essential oil is produced in glandular trichomes, which are secretory cells that number in the thousands on Mentha leaves. The presence of these specialized cells, which easily can be separated physically from other cell types, has greatly facilitated studying (-)-menthol biosynthesis. 

Some of the more interesting and attractive groups of native species include the skullcaps (Scutellaria spp.), physostegias (Physostegia spp.), hemp-nettles (Stachys spp.), sages (Salvia spp.), horse-mints or bergamots (Monarda spp.), bugle-weeds (Lycopus spp.), and tme mints (Mentha spp.). 

Linalyl acetate Sweet, floral-fruity Bergamot mint (Mentha citrata)... 

Mentha viridis. Spear mint. Mentha viridis. W. III. 76. Herba. The herb. 

Prostrate rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis Prostratus Group) Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Winter savory (Satureja montana) Mint (Mentha spicata)... 

Efiential oils of cinnamon, laurus cinnamomum. Nutmeg, myriftica mofehata. Cloves, caryophyllus aro-mattcus. Mint, mentha. Camphor, laurus campho-ra. Ether. 

To investigate the potential of the SEME technique, comparisons have been made with hydrodistillation for extraction of essential oil from spices - ajowan Carum ajowan Apiaceae), cumin (Cuminum cyminum Umbdliferae), star anise Illicium anisatum Illiciaceae) - and from fresh aromatic herbs - basil ( Ocimum basilicum Labiaceae), crispate mint [Mentha crispa Labiaceae), thyme (Thymus vulgaris Labia-ceae) [59, 60]. The yields of essential oil and their chemical composition for the two extraction methods are reported in Table 22.4. 

The most recent group of botanical products that have seen some commercial success as insecticides are the plant essential oils. Though some of these have traditional uses dating back decades, if not longer, commercialization has only taken place in the past 7-8 years. Plants producing essential oils that have been exploited for insect control include a number of herbs, most notably from the mint family (Lamiaceae), such as garden thyme Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis), and various species of mint Mentha spp.). ... 

Mint Mentha spp. menthol, pulegone Tetranychus urticae [14]... 

The chloroform extract of mint Mentha cordifolia Opiz.) showed antimutagenicity against tetracycline. An antimutagenic component was purified and identified by spectral analyses as 6,7-bis(2,2-dimethoxyethene)-2,ll-dimethoxy-2Z,4E,8E,10Z-... 

C oH,gO, Mr 154.25, liquid. Monocyclic monoter-pene ketones, the four optically active forms occur in nature. (-)-M. (ca. 35%) occurs in the essential oil of field mint (Mentha arvensis, Lamiaceae), (-i-)-M. in Micromelia biflora (Lamiaceae) ca. 56%, (-i-)-iso-M. in Micromelia abyssinica ca. 42%, and (-)-iso-M. in geranium oil (Pelargonium spp., Geraniaceae). p-M. is used in perfumes as a mixture with other fragrance substances. 

Mentha arvensis oU Colorless to light yellow oil with a sharp, fresh, minty odor and a cooling, minty, somewhat bitter-sharp taste which is markedly less sweet and full than that of peppermint oil. Production By steam distillation of the so-called Japanese mint, Mentha arvensis van piperascens, a cultivated form of field mint. Main producers are China and India, where about 80001 Mentha arvensis oil were produced in 1992, this corresponds to 30001 de-mentholized oil and 50001 menthol. 

Menthol is the principal component of Japanese peppermint oil. In Japan it has been obtained since the 17th century from corn mint (Mentha arvensis L.) (Fig. 3.25). Important areas of cultivation are at present in India, China, Japan,... 

Peppermint Mentha piperita L.) is a hybrid of spearmint (green mint, Mentha spicata) and water mint Mentha aquatica), which was bred in England (Mitcham, Surrey - now part of Greater London) around 1750. The plant also... 

Menthol from natural sources is obtained predominantly from the essential oil of corn mint Mentha arvensis), which is produced by steam distillation or a distdlation/extraction procedure using supercritical carbon dioxide cf. section 5.11 Caffeine). The menthol is frozen out and the crystalline mass centrifuged. Traces of impurities confer a slightly minty aroma to natural menthol. 

These are almost universal in essential oils, acting also as precursors of the more complex, oxidised terpenes. Limonene, for example, is the precursor of the main constituents of the monoterpenes in mints, Mentha spp. (Lamiaceae), including carvone and menthol... 

Iqbal, T., A.l. Hussain, S.A. Chatha et al., 2013. Antioxidant activity and volatile and phenolic pro les of essential oil and different extracts of wild mint Mentha longifolid) from the Pakistani Flora. J. Anal. Methods Chem., 2013 536490. 

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