Star anise, Illicium

Star anise Illicium verum (Illiciaceae) ripe fruit 5-8 anethole (80-90) estragole (1-6) flavour, carminative fruits contain substantial amounts of shikimic and quinic acids... 

Star anise Illicium verum Hooker fil. Fruit China, North Vietnam... 

Japanese star anise (Illicium anisa-tum), a similar tree, is not edible because... 

Oleoresin Anise Obtained by the solvent extraction of the dried ripe fruit of anise, Pimpinella anisum L., or star anise, Illicium verum Hooker (Fam. Umbelliferae) as a dark brown or green liquid. 

Sassafras (Sassafras), star anise (Illicium verum) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils demonstrate biotoxicity to golden snails at 1-100 ppm and are active at 10 and 20 ppm against young snails [113]. 

To investigate the potential of the SEME technique, comparisons have been made with hydrodistillation for extraction of essential oil from spices - ajowan Carum ajowan Apiaceae), cumin (Cuminum cyminum Umbdliferae), star anise Illicium anisatum Illiciaceae) - and from fresh aromatic herbs - basil ( Ocimum basilicum Labiaceae), crispate mint [Mentha crispa Labiaceae), thyme (Thymus vulgaris Labia-ceae) [59, 60]. The yields of essential oil and their chemical composition for the two extraction methods are reported in Table 22.4. 

Nakamura, T., E. Okuyama, and M. Yamazaki. 1996. Neurotropic components from star anise (Illicium verum Hook. fil.). Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 44(10) 1908-1914. 

Small, E. 1996. Confusion of common names for toxic and edible "star anise" (Illicium) species. Econ. Bot. 50(3) 337-339. 

Upton, R. 2006. Differentiation between star anise (Illicium verum) and the toxic adulterant shikimi (Illicium anisatum). Scotts Valley, CA American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. 

Production By steam distillation of the fresh fruits of the star anise, Illicium verum (llliciaceae). Composition The main component, also responsible for the typical oiganoleptic impression, is trans- anethole (up to 95%). 

Star anise Illicium verum Hook fil. Illiciaceae Fruit Cult MQ... 

A related unsaturated compound, shikimic acid (Fig. 2), was found in the star anise (Illicium verum and I, religiosum) (72), Its presence has... 

Source Anise Pimpinella anisum L. (syn. Anisum vulgare Gaertn. A. officinarum Moench.) (Family Umbelliferae or Apia-ceae) Chinese star anise Illicium verum Hook. f. (Family Illiciaceae). 

Common/vernacular names Anise seed, aniseed, sweet cumin (P. anisum) Chinese star anise, illicium, and star anise Illicium verum). 

A methanol extract of the fruits of Chinese star anise (Illicium verum) showed in vitro growth-inhibitory activity against the periodontopathic bacteria, Eikenella cor-rodens, and against the fungus Saccharo-myces cerevisiae In vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities of Chinese star anise are largely attributed to the presence of anethole. ... 

Japanese star anise Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith formerly identified as Illicium anisatum L. or I. religiosum Sieb. et Zucc.) should not be confused with true star anise (Chinese star anise) (/. verum). Use of the former as a culinary spice could result in fatality. Its mistaken identity in Europe... 

Shikimic acid (XV) was first found in star anise Illicium religiosum) and later in many other plants. In recent times it has been experimentally established as a biogenetic key link in the elaboration of aromatic amino-acids and lignin in vivo, and it appears to be involved in other biosynthetic reactions. The total synthesis of shikimic acid has only recently been accomplished. ... 

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