Mike test

But for chemists, the hydrogen bomb tests had a happier fallout too. Scientists at the Mike test collected coral from a nearby atoll contaminated with radioactive debris, and sent it to Berkeley for analysis. There the nuclear chemists found two new elements, with atomic numbers 99 and 100. They were named after two of the century s most creative physicists einsteinium and fermium. 

In the final design for the Super the heat to initiate the fusion reaction is provided by a fission reaction, and once ignited, the reaction spreads like a normal thermochemical reaction (such as combustion), hence thermonuclear. The first test of a thermonuclear device, code-named Mike, was in 1952, and it completely leveled the small atoll in the Marshall Islands on which it was detonated. This weapon may have fulfilled the prediction of Alfred Nobel Perhaps my factories will end war sooner than your peace conferences. - War in the 1950s became Cold and Limited. There was another bit of fallout from the Mike test, chemical instead of political Sifting through debris from the Mike explosion, scientists found elements number 99 and 100 einsteinium and fermium. 

Unfortunately, the first British atomic test in October 1952 was overshadowed by the first hydrogen bomb test on 1 November. This was the American Ivy Mike test, with a yield of 10-12 megatons (MT) — around 1,000 times greater than the British test. Having just tested a fission device, the British team were now given the job of designing a fusion device. 

High-Level Test Synthesis of Digital VLSI Circuits, Mike Tien-Chien Lee... 

Fm, which undergoes spontaneous fission (ti = 0.38 ms). This point can be passed in two ways. One is to utilize a more intense neutron flux than can be obtained in a reactor, in the form of a thermonuclear explosion, so that a product such as undergoes further neutron absorption before fission can occur. Here, in the synthesis of Fmin Tvy Mike , the world s first thermonuclear test, atEniwetok atoll on 1st November 1952, the initial product of multiple neutron capture, underwent a whole series of rapid decays, yielding Fm. 

Mike Superczynski, head of the Machinery Technology Branch of the Navy s David Taylor Research Center, is a big man with a booming laugh who knows all about Japanese EMT but is far more interested in what the navy calls S/C electric drive—superconducting electric drive—as it applies to ship propulsion, and specifically to a test craft called Jupiter II. He also knows a lot about superconductivity and likes to tell the story about the admiral who once introduced him to a scientific symposium with the words, Now the super is Mike s middle name, and the czynski is Polish for conductivity. ... 

We would like to thank Kendall Smith, Alan Witt, and Mike Briggs for their contribution to the reactor tests, Mary Little for the Flasma analysis, and Sue Grayson for her assistance with the asphaltene preparation and the SEC ICP analysis. 

Maquestiau et al. [209] identified fractions in complex mixtures of free marine sterols with MIKE/CAD of molecular ions formed in El. The method was tested on six samples from corals and sponges. For example, the El conventional mass spectrum of the fraction isolated from Emicella stricta is especially complex high-mass peaks are located... 

Assumption of health benefit effects of Bryndza is confirmed by results of historically first chnical tests performed at Comenius University in Bratislava. A group of 30 volunteers consumed daily 100 g of Bryndza made by traditional procedure during 8 weeks. Statistically significant decrease of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was observed, hi probands with low level of serum HDL-cholesterol there were documented its significant increase. As weU, values of glucose, serum creatinine, C-reactive protein and blcxxi pressure were decreased. Decrease of the C-reactive protein was interesting because this protein is an inflammation marker considered as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and colorectal carcinoma (Mikes et al. 2(X)5). 

As discussed by Mike Murray from BTG, London, clinical toxicology, on the other hand, presents a completely different challenge, in that toxic effects are seen at a considerable distance from the supposed moment of action of the suspect drug. In addition, toxicological endpoints are extremely varied where the mode of toxic action is concerned and particular assays are required to test for particular toxic outcomes. There needs to be as many specific toxicology assays as there are known toxic pathways -clearly, there is no easy way to develop tests ah initio for unprecedented toxic events. Thus, much of the prediction of mecha-... 

In 1952 the United States set off the first test thermonuclear explosion (code name "Mike") at the Eniwetok Island in the Pacific. The early analysis of debris fi-om Mike... 

Under certain circumstances, compromises between the two extreme positions of assuming monotonicity and assuming nothing would seem desirable. This is in fact what Frank Brelz, Jose Pinhero and Mike Branson have proposed in an approach that controls the type I error rate while allowing various contrasts, each of which would be optimal for various supposed dose-response relationships, to be tested (Bretz et al, 2004, 2005). In their approach it is possible to take account of the extent to which each of these is believed plausible a priori. 

Considering the ability of directly analyzing such complex mixtures, crude extracts or even whole biological samples, DADI/MIKE spectrometry and analogous methods are obviously very suitable for screening tests. This has been utilized for the direct analysis not only of the coca leaves of cocaine but also of the constituents in mushrooms (Helvella esculenta ) of morphine, papaverine, coniine, and atropine in plant materials with a detection limit of about 1 to 10 ng of alkaloid , and for the identification of other alkaloids linke ubine, mescaline, hordenine, and uberine in crude cacti extracts . ... 

Teller contrived nevertheless to follow the progress of the test. He stationed himself at a seismograph in a basement room of the Berkeley geology building. Herbert York, acting director at Livermore, timed a shortwave radio to the frequency of the Mike shot telemetry. When the shot was fired he called Teller in Berkeley. The two physicists had calculated the time a seismic wave from a successful shot would require to travel under the Pacific basin to northern California— about fifteen minutes. Teller remembers ... 

The test was secret No report would reach Los Alamos until security officers on Eniwetok had time to examine and encode it. Teller knew Mike had worked before its builders did. He dictated a telegram to York to send on to Los Alamos. The message was brief but barbed It s a boy. ... 

The authors appreciate the help of Rick Kilmer for the optical cross sections, Liz Wittemore and Michelle Porta for SEMs, Mike Burrell and John Chera for the XPS data, Jim Rose for heat and humidity testing, Hans Grade for the GC analyses, and GE Plastics for support of this work,... 

The audiors are indebted to Zeinab Elshenawy and Mike Wyle for compound synthesis to Joe Argentine, Lisa Cornell, Leo Dungan, Larry Faehl, Elena Goodell, Larry Marek, Jim Willut, and Linda Varanyak for biological testing and to Barbara Collura for assistance with this manuscript. 

We would like to thank Steve Bailey, Daphne Hale, Beth Lambert, Tony Loveday and Mike Robinson, who carefully and conscientiously prepared the samples and carried out the physical property testing. 

Schematic diagram of production of heavy uranium isotopes by successive neutron captures in followed by their subsequent beta-decay to spontaneously fissioning or alpha-decaying nuclides. Mass chains detected in debris from the Mike thermonuclear test are shown...

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