Marshall Islands

A cytotoxic alkaloid has been isolated from the filamentous species Hapalosi-phon forUinalis strain V-3-1. This isolate was made from soil samples collected in the Marshall Islands in 1981. This strain produces the lipophilic compound hapalindole A, which has a broad range of antialgal and antimycotic activity (9). OscUlatoria acutissima strain B-1, isolated from a freshwater pond in Oahu, was found to produce two novel macrolide compounds termed acutiphycin and 20, 21-didehydroacutiphycin. These macrolides show cytotoxicity (KB and NIH/3T3) and antitumor activity (Murine Lewis lung carcinoma) (10). 

H. fontinalis Strain V-3-1 (Marshall Islands) Hapalindole A Substituted indole alkaloid... 

Northern Marshall Islands Radiological Survey (NMlRSf, site ofU.S. atmospheric including BRAVO explosion on 3/1/54 weapons testing from 1946 to 1958, Robison etal. 1997a... 

Robison WL, Noshkin VE, Conrado CL, et al. 1997a. The northern Marshall Island radiological survey Data and dose assessment. Health Phys 73(l) 37-48. 

Atoll in the Marshall Islands, located in the West Central Pacific Ocean. Although the atoll was obliterated, literally wiped off the face of the Earth, several heavy elements, both known and unknown at that time, were detected in the aftermath of the explosion by a team of scientists led by Albert Ghiorso of the Berkeley laboratory. Einsteinium was one of these trace elements that was detected. Its existence, as well as several other discovered elements, was not announced until 1955, due to secrecy related to this new type of thermonuclear bomb. The melting and boiling points as well as the density of einsteinium are not known because of the extremely small amounts that have been produced. 

Randall s recent survey in the Marshall Islands supports this (22). Surveying the fish populations on Enewetak and Bikini he found that on Enewetak 37% of the fish sampled were toxic to some degree, however only 16.2% were toxic enough to result in human illness the respective figures for Bikini were 19.7% and 1.4%. 

Another type of present-day formation of Fe " oxides occurs on the ocean floor. Fe oxides are associated with Mn oxides and occur as crusts and nodules. The growth rate of these nodules is extremely low and has been estimated as being 2-15 10 mm/yr (Rana et al., 1983). Two values lying in this range, viz. 6.6-7.S 10 mm/yr for the last 150000 years were derived from the decrease of Th and U isotope ratios (234/238 230/232, respectively) in two Fe-Mn crusts in the Marshall Islands area (Chabaux et al. 1995,1997). 

A species of Halichondria from the Marshall Islands contained an isothiocyanate (249) [255] and an isothiocyanate based on the guai-6-ene skeleton (250) was isolated from an unidentified sponge from Japanese waters [256]. Acanthella pulcherrima from Australia contained two isothiocyanates (251-252), in addition to known sesquiterpenes [257]. 

Normajusculamide C (369), which is closely related to dolastatin 11 (364), was isolated from a deep-water variety of the blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula collected at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands (298). Compound 369 exhibits antimycotic activity. From the same alga L. majuscula were isolated the lipopentapeptides majusculamide D (370) and deoxymajusculamide D (371), with both compounds showing moderate cytotoxicity (299). 

Rex, R.W., 1967. Authigenic silicates formed from basaltic glass by more than 60 million years contact with sea water, Sylvania Guyot, Marshall Islands. Clays Clay Miner., Proc., 15 195-203. 

Equatorial Guinea, Holy See, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Namibia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Timor-Leste and Tuvalu. 

The Board notes that the Democratic People s Republic of Korea and Liechtenstein have joined the community of States parties to the 1988 Convention. The Board calls on Equatorial Guinea, the Holy See, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Namibia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Timor-Leste and Tuvalu to become States parties to that important international treaty and thus ensure its universal application. 

Myxosarcina burmensis GB-9-4 II Marine coral Marshall Islands 79 1,943... 

The racemic midpacamide (IS), possessing both pyrrole-2-carboxamide and N-methylated hydantoin moieties, has been isolated from an unidentified marine sponge collected in the Marshall Islands [35] and, subsequently, from the sponge Agelas mauritiana [36]. Two different total syntheses have been reported for this compound [37,38]. 

Six plutonium containing particles stemming from soil (Marshall Island) were characterized by SIMS, SEM-EDX-WDX and sychrotron radiation by Jernstrom et al. AU the particles were identified as nuclear fuel fragments of exploded weapons components. Since they contained plutonium with a low °Pu/ Pu atomic ratio (less than 0.065), which corresponds to weapons grade plutonium or a detonation with low fission yield, the particles were identified as originating from the safety test and low yield tests conducted on Runit Island. ... 

Sargent and Austin, 1949). These studies were followed by the landmark work of Odum and Odum (1955) and subsequendy the Symbios project in Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands in the Pacific, (Webb and Wiebe, 1975 Webb 1975 Wiebeela/., 1975) which enabled a big picture idea of the net fluxes of nutrients cycUngon reefs. 

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