Microorganisms Bacillus subtilis

Recent research has showed natto has health benefits. In particular, natto has been shown to contain significant amount of vitamin K, which is derived from the microorganism, Bacillus subtilis (Yanogisawa Sumi, 2005). Vitamin is the cofactor that converts nonactivated osteocalcin into activated osteocalcin by carboxyl-ation. In rat as well as in in vitro studies, natto promotes formation of osteocalcin, a bone protein, and participates in bone formation (Yamaguchi et ah, 2001). 

Figure 5.1 A photograph of the area on an agar plate where the growth of the test microorganism Bacillus subtilis) has been prevented by the presence of an antibiotic-impregnated disk (white circular spot), termed the zone of inhibition. The dashed line indicates the diameter of the zone of inhibition.

Ethylene oxide is able to inactivate all microorganisms. Bacterial spores are more resistant than vegetative cells, yeasts, and molds (287). Spores are 5 to 10 times more resistant than the vegetative cells (288). bacillus subtilis spores were the most resistant of those tested (289). Ethylene oxide was also shown to be vimcidal (290). 

However, to date, no AMA studies have been conducted against spore-forming microorganisms. It is very important to search for a compound having action on the development of such organisms as Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus, since these microorganisms are able to withstand pasteurization conditions and contain hydrolytic enzymes, which generate off-flavor in the food. 

But how do microorganisms behave in outer space Answers to this question require experiments to be carried out in space, as (however well they may try to simulate conditions in outer space) laboratory experiments are often considered to be artificial and unrealistic . Thus, microbes have been put on board a number of space vehicles and subjected to outer space conditions to probe the effect of various variables on the survival probability of Bacillus subtilis spores. 

A strain of yeast and a strain of bacterium were co-immobilized to fabricate a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor based on sol-gel derived composite materials97. This novel type of biosensor was developed for water monitoring and was used to determine the BOD values of OECD synthetic wastewater, domestic wastewater, and lake waters. The microorganisms Trichosporon cutaneum and Bacillus subtilis were coimmobilized in the sol-gel composite material, which was composed of silica and the grafting copolymer of poly (vinyl alcohol) and 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-P(4-VP)). 

BSL 1 Biosafety Level 1 is suitable for work involving well-characterized microorganisms not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults, and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. Safety equipment none required. Microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis, Naegleria gruberi, and infectious canine hepatitis virus. 

Unidentified microorganisms isolated from activated sludge [16,17] or ther-mophile microorganisms from hot springs [37] were also used successfully. A rather unusual BOD-sensor with thermally-killed cells of Bacillus subtilis was described by Qian and Tan [63,64]. The process of killing the bacteria was carried out by exposing the cell to a vacuum at 280°C for 2.5 min. 

It is also possible to determine ammonium ions with microorganisms other than nitrifiers, e.g., with Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and... 

We also created a bank of crystaUograms of many other clinically significant microorganisms Staphylococcus spp.. Micrococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Lactobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp.. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacillus subtilis, Helicobacter pylori, etc.). 

Scheme 23.22 Some nitrogen-containing flavour compounds produced by microorganisms, a Methylanthranilate formation from N-methyl methylanthranilate 1 Trametes sp., Polyporus sp. b Different pyrazines produced with microorganisms in optimised media 2 mutant strain from Pseudomonas perolens ATCC 10757 3 Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacterium linens 4 mutant strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum...

A rapid test based on ATP/bioluminescence (106) is also available for kidney prescreening. In this test, a paper filter disc is inserted for 30 min into the renal pelvis of the kidney sample. It is then transferred to a cuvette and incubated with a commercially available test culture Bacillus subtilis BGA at 40 C for 3 h in presence of trimethoprim. The amount of ATP is estimated on the basis of the light released after addition of luciferin/luciferinase reagent. In a variation of this test (107), small cubes of kidney tissue are excised and frozen to be placed directly upon four agar plates, each seeded with a different microorganism. The plates are refrigerated for approximately 4 h, and then are incubated overnight at 37 C. 

The second word in the name of a microorganism is the species name and is not capitalized. There may be several species with the same genus name, for example, Bacillus subtilis, B. albus, and B. coagulans. Note that when the same genus name is repeated several times, it is abbreviated... 

---