Microencapsulation of Oil

Ducel, V., Richard, J., Saulnier, P., Popineau, Y., Boury, F. (2004). Evidence and characterization of complex coacervates containing plant proteins applications to the microencapsulation of oil droplets. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 232, 239-247. 

Magdassi, S. Vinetsky, Y. Microencapsulation of oil-inwater emulsions by proteins. In Microencapsulation Methods and Industrial Applications Benita, S., Ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1996 21-33. 

Drusch S, Regier M, Bruhn M (2012) Recent advances in the microencapsulation of oils high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In McElhatton A, Sobral PJ do A (eds.) Novel Technologies in Food Science— Their Impact on Products, Consumer Trends and Environment. Springer, New York, pp. 159-181. 

Drusch S, Mannino S (2009) Patent-based review on industrial approaches for the microencapsulation of oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Trends in Food Science and Technology 20 237-244. 

Piacentini,E., L. Giorno,M. M.Dragosavac, G. T. Vlasdisavljevic, andR.G.Holdich,Microencapsulation of oil droplets using cold water fish gelatine/gum arabic complex coacervation by membrane emulsification. Food Res. Int., 53(1) (2013) 362-372. 

The identity of the moiety (other than glycerol) esterified to the phosphoric group determines the specific phosphoHpid compound. The three most common phosphoHpids in commercial oils are phosphatidylcholine or lecithin [8002-45-5] (3a), phosphatidylethanolamine or cephalin [4537-76-2] (3b), and phosphatidjlinositol [28154-49-7] (3c). These materials are important constituents of plant and animal membranes. The phosphoHpid content of oils varies widely. Laurie oils, such as coconut and palm kernel, contain a few hundredths of a percent. Most oils contain 0.1 to 0.5%. Com and cottonseed oils contain almost 1% whereas soybean oil can vary from 1 to 3% phosphoHpid. Some phosphoHpids, such as dipaLmitoylphosphatidylcholine (R = R = palmitic R" = choline), form bilayer stmetures known as vesicles or Hposomes. The bdayer stmeture can microencapsulate solutes and transport them through systems where they would normally be degraded. This property allows their use in dmg deHvery systems (qv) (8). 

Phase separation microencapsulation procedures are suitable for entrapping water-soluble agents in lactide/glycolide excipients. Generally, the phase separation process involves coacervation of the polymer from an organic solvent by addition of a nonsolvent such as silicone oil. This process has proven useful for microencapsulation of water-soluble peptides and macromolecules (48). 

K Heinzelmann, K Franke. Using freezing and drying techniques of emulsions for the microencapsulation of fish oil to improve oxidation stability. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces 12(3—6) 223—229, 1999. 

Mimaretto F (1997) Evaluation of microencapsulated silicone oils as oxygen carriers in the... 

The term aqueous phase separation is often more simply described as oil-in-water microencapsulation. The two encapsulation processes described above are examples of this oil-in-water encapsulation. In this process the core material is the oil and it should be immisible in the continuous phase, namely water. A commercial example of aqueous phase separation would be the microencapsulation of an oily flavor such as sour cream with a gelatin wall. These microcapsules would then be dispersed in a dry cake mix. The mechanism of release would be during the moist baking cycle of the cake, moist-heat causing the capsule walls to first swell and then rupture. 

Ramesh, V. D., Medlicott, N., Razzak, M., and Tucker, I. G. (2002), Microencapsulation of FITC-BSA into poly(e-caprolactone) by a water-in-oil-in-oil solvent evaporation technique. Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs, 15, 31-36. 

Gelatin is also used for the microencapsulation of drugs, where the active drug is sealed inside a microsized capsule or beadlet, which may then be handled as a powder. The first microencapsulated drugs (beadlets) were fish oils and oily vitamins in gelatin beadlets prepared by an emulsion process. 

Light mineral oil is used in applications similar to those of mineral oil. It is used primarily as an excipient in topical pharmaceutical formulations where its emollient properties are exploited in ointment bases see Table I. It is also used in ophthalmic formulations. Light mineral oil is additionally used in oil-in-water and polyethlylene glycol/gylcerol emulsions as a solvent and lubricant in capsules and tablets as a solvent and penetration enhancer in transdermal preparations and as the oily medium used in the microencapsulation of many drugs. ... 

Wallace, J.M., McCabe, A.J., Robson, P.J., Keogh, M.K., Murray, C.A., Kelly, P.M., Marquez-Ruiz, G., McGlynn, H., Glimore, W.S. and Strain, J.J. (2000) Bioavailability of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in foods enriched with microencapsulated fish oil. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 44 157-162. 

This system might prove to be useful for the microencapsulation of various cores (drugs, oils, flavors, etc.), with the further advantage that NaCMC has demonstrated bioadhesive properties. 

Microencapsulated Cl fixed on the surfaces of metal parts forming immovable joints have found application in various industrial sectors. The interior of the shells is liberated when the parts are brought into contact and the capsules become squashed. This technique is used for antirust protection of rivet joints of the skin of airplanes. Microcapsules with Cl are carried, with minimum outlay, to the demanding corrosion sites of casing and drilling pipe strings at excavation sites of oil and gas deposits. The effective use of inhibited microcapsules has not been fully realized due to a number of reasons, including technical and economic ones. 

Example Microencapsulation of Nutritional Oils by Spray Drying.42... 

FIGURE 3.5 Scanning electron micropgraphs of microencapsulated fish oil prepared with different types of modified starch (medium viscosity a,b low viscosity c,d) and dried at 210°C/90°C (a.c) or 160°C/60°C (b,d). (Reproduced with permission from Drusch, S. and Schwarz, K., Eur. Food Res. TechnoL, 222, 155, 2006.) Continued)... 

EXAMPLE MICROENCAPSULATION OF NUTRITIONAL OILS BY SPRAY DRYING... 

In the following years, nanostructural differences in the particle morphology and thus differing gas diffusivity was identified as the cause of a different oxidative stability of microencapsulated nutritional oils. When using a octenylsuccinate-derivatized starch with a high proportion of low molecular weight disaccharides, a significant inhibition of autoxidation compared to a carrier... 

Anwar SH, Weissbrodt J, Kunz B (2010) Microencapsulation of fish oil by spray-granulation and fluid bed film coating. Journal of Food Science 75 E359-E371. 

Wang R, Tian Z, Chen L (2011) A novel process for microencapsulation of fish oil with harley protein. Food Research International 44 2735-2741. 

Drusch S, Serfert Y, Schwarz K (2006) Microencapsulation of fish oil with n-octenylsuccinate-deriva-tised starch Flow properties and oxidative stability. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 108 501-512. 

Tonon RV, Grosso CRF, Hubinger MD (2011) Influence of emulsion composition and inlet air temperature on the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil by spray drying. Food Research International 44 282-289. doi 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.018. 

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