Microbiota control

Cani, P. D., BibUoni, R., Knauf, C., Waget, A., Neyrinck, A. M., Delzenne, N. M., et al. (2008). Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes, 57(6), 1470-1481. 

Cani PD, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut. 2009 58 1091—1103. 

Geurts L, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Card PD. Gut microbiota controls adipose tissue expansion, gut barrier and glucose metabolism novel insights into molecular targets and interventions using prebiotics. Benef Microbes. 2014 5 3—17. 

Ricci MS, De Almeida DL, Ribeiro RD, Aquino AM, Pereira JC, Polli D, Reis VM, Eklund CR (2000) Cyperus rotundus control by solarization. Biol Agric Hort 17 151-157 Rieger M, Krewer G, Lewis P (2001) Solarization and chemical alternatives to methyl bromide for preplant soil treatment of strawberries. HortTechnology 11 258-264 Ristaino JB, Perry KB, Lumsden RD (1991) Effect of soil solarization and Gliocladium virens on sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii, soil microbiota, and the incidence of southern blight in tomato. Phytopathology 81 1117-1124... 

Shifts in the cutaneous microbiome have also been noted in chronic ulcer disease, such as those caused by venous stasis or diabetes (175). Patients with chronic ulcers treated with antibiotics have been shown to have an increased abundance of Pseudomonadaceae while an increase in Streptococcaceae has been noted in diabetic ulcers (175). A longitudinal shift in wound microbiota has also been shown to coincide with impaired healing in diabetic mice, and may interact with aberrantly expressed host cutaneous defense response genes leading to ulcerogenesis (176). When compared to controls, the feet of diabetic men has also been noted to have decreased populations of Staphylococcus species, a relative increase in the population of S. aureus and increased bacterial diversity, which may increase the risk for wound infections in diabetic patients (177). 

As in rodents and other animals, there is much individual variation in human caries experience. In the Vipeholm study, 25% of subjects taking the sticky candies did not develop any cavities over 6 years, whereas a few cavities appeared in control subjects who received a diet that contained little carbohydrate and no refined carbohydrate. A few cavities also appeared in children of the Hopewood House study who received a similar diet. Within 74 junior and senior dental students attending the College of Dentistry at the University of Oklahoma in 1985 (mean age 26 years), the mean DMFT was 8.4 with a variability of 40% about the mean (Fig. 15.10). Two had only one tooth affected and two others had, respectively 15 and 16 teeth affected. The variation is due to differences in microbiota, dietary carbohydrate intake, sahva flow, fluoride exposure, and acquired immunity (Table 15.1). 

One of the early targets of probiotics has been the improvanent of the composition of the intestinal microbiota. From the above, it is obvious that criteria for improving intestinal microbiota composition are at present not clearly defined. Nevertheless, some options exist for improving intestinal microbiota. Keeping under control potential pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Helicobacter pylori, which can be present in low numbers in the microbiota of asymptomatic healthy carriers, may be beneficial (see following text). Furthermore, although the composition of a healthy or normal microbiota is not known, it is assumed that the nuCTobiota a... 

The type of starters used can vary from defined single-strain starters to traditional mixed starters. Defined single or mixed starters, such as used for natto and sufu, have been selected for their specific properties, and in order to draw appropriate profit from their addition, they need to be provided with optimum conditions for growth including absence of competing microbiota and the control of temperature, pH and water activity. Natural mixed microbiota... 

A controlled coffee fermentation process with a controlled microbiota may guarantee a standardized quality and reduce the economic loss for the producer, fii the literature, only a few studies have been published towards the use of starter cultures for coffee fermentations, although the attempt to control coffee fermentation has existed for over 40years. A pectolytic yeast (Agate Bhat, 1966 Avallone et al., 2(X)2) and... 

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