Micro plasma

As a result of miniaturization several electrical extremes are concentrated on the chip area of ca. 1 cm2 There are DC-voltage-sources in range of -2,000 to 200 V driving electrodes and the MCP, the micro-plasma electron source is powered by a RF-generator at 2.45 GHz, which is ignited by an arc discharge. For the ion separation steep pulse trains of several volts up to 270 MHz with a bandwidth of... 

Micro-Plasma Spraying (MPS) and Low Energy Plasma Spraying (LEPS)... 

In a study of the biological efficacy of micro plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings (Borisov et al., 2003), 18 clinically healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits (age 12-15 months) of either sex, weighing 2.5-3 kg, were used (Dey, 2010 Dey et al., 2011). They were randomly distributed into three groups of six animals each, comprising a control (group I) and groups implanted intra-medullary... 

The ability of this medical micro-plasma system to sterilize surface has been demonstrated by Misynetal. (2000). Staphylococcus culture in liquid media ( 2 10 cfu/ml) have been treated by the air plasma plume of 3 mm diameter, incubated for 24 h, and counted (see Table 12-8). A 6-log reduction in viable bacteria is achieved in 25 s of treatment however the sterilization efficiency drops off with increasing volume of liquid which inhibits UV penetration and diffusion of active species generated in plasma. Nevertheless, the microplasma system should be a good solution for treatment of living human and animal skin as the bacteria are normally at much lower concentrations on skin (< 10 cfu/cm ). 

Vautz, W. Michels, A. Eranzke, J., Micro-plasma a novel ionisation source for ion mobility spectrometry, A a/. Bioanal. Chem. 2008, 391, 2609-2615. 

The LIBS technique is essentially aimed at the elemental analysis of solid and liquid materials. A pulsed laser beam is focused onto the surface of the material to be analysed and the emission from the resulting micro-plasma is collected and focused on to the slit of a monochromator equipped with an array detector capable of recording the entire spectrum from a single laser shot. The emission is initially dominated by Bremsstrahlung (white light), but this is short lived and essentially follows the laser intensity profile. This is followed by emission from atomic ions (typically 1 ps in duration) and finally by emission from neutral atomic species (very weak emission from metastable species, which decay more slowly, may... 

Moreover, Yamamoto et al. (Mahesh Akira, 2010) studied the decomposition characteristics and scale-up of the micro plasma reactor for the CO2 decomposition using simulation techniques. The plasma reactor configuration was modeled using the discharge and the recombination zones. In this study (Mahesh Akira, 2010), the plasma of the discharge zone is considered by the positive column and the cathode drop zone. Also, the conversion of CO2 and the energy efficiency of the reactor were evaluated. The plasma and the kinetic effects by reducing reactor diameter were analyzed separately. 

Sdorra W. and Niemax K. (1990) Temporal and spatial distribution of analyte atoms and ions in micro-plasmas produced by laser ablation of solid samples, Spcctrodum Acta, Part B 45 917-926. 

The DLAAS devices are now commercially available from Atomica Instruments (Munich, Germany). The first system was prepared for the measurement of ultra-trace levels of A1 in the semiconductor industry. The commercial laser diode module includes the DL with a heat sink for temperature tuning, the microoptics, and the non-linear crystal for SHG. The module has the size of a HCL. Since delivery, the module has successfully worked routinely under the conditions of an industrial analytical laboratory without any repair or maintenance. The semiconductor industry in particular is interested in the measurements of light elements, such as Al, K, Ca, Na, in ultra pure water or chemicals. For example, the module designed for the detection of K provides an LOD of 0.5 pg/mL (10 pL aliquot). Similar compact and sensitive devices with electrothermal atomizers, flames or micro-plasma are currently... 

Quan X., Chen S., Platzer B., Chen ). and Geerer M. (2002) Simultaneous determination of chlorinated organic compounds from environmental samples using gas chromatography coupled with a micro electron capture detector and micro-plasma atomic emission detector, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 57 189-199. 

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