Metal toxicity antimony

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A trace mineral added to animal feeds. Potentially explosive reaction with charcoal + ozone, metals (e.g., powdered aluminum, copper), arsenic carbon, phosphoms, sulfur, alkali metal hydrides, alkaline earth metal hydrides, antimony sulfide, arsenic sulfide, copper sulfide, tin sulfide, metal cyanides, metal thiocyanates, manganese dioxide, phosphorus. Violent reaction with organic matter. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of I and K2O. See also lODATES. 

ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE (10025-91-9) Cl3Sb Contact with moist air forms corrosive hydrogen chloride fumes. Contact with water, steam forms hydrochloric acid and toxic antimony oxychloride. Aqueous solution is an acid. Violent reaction with ammonia, strong bases, amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides alkali metals finely divided aluminum potassium, sodium. Attacks metals, releasing flammable... 

Human Toxicity Antimony and its compds have been reported to cause dermatitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis and nasal septal ulceration by contact, fumes or dust. Caulion Avoid conditions in which nascent hydrogen will react with antimony to form stibine (SbHj), which is extremely toxic (nausea, vomiting, headache, hemolysis, hematuria, abdominal pain, death). Stibine can be liberated from storage batteries when nascent hydrogen reacts, in an acid medium, with antimony present in the battery plates E. Browning, Toxicity of Industrial Metals (Appleton-Century Crofts, New York, 2nd ed., 1969) pp 23-38. 

The noncarcinogenic toxic metals are antimony, barium, lead, mercury, silver, and thallium. Out of these only lead is invariably present in all the samples. Lead would have come as a contaminant through these samples. However, the source of lead contaminants is not clearly understood. The presence of chlorine species can affect metal species and volatility temperature [30]. The chlorine content is highest in 100% plastic due to the presence of polyvinyl chloride. The 100%... 

The toxicity of some metals depends on both their oxidation state and the rapidity with which the metal ion can undergo oxidation and reduction. Some compounds of metals such as arsenic and antimony are more toxic in their lower oxidation state than the higher oxidation state. This feature can be explained by the tendency of these compounds to become more stable in higher valence states, disrupting cellular processes. The possibility of transition elements to exist in several oxidation states is an attribute that makes them particularly suitable for biological functions, but simultaneously redox changes in vivo can have a strong influence on overall metal toxicity (Hoeschele et al. 1991). 

Some heavy metals and semi-metals are quite toxic (chromium, lead, and antimony) and expensive care is needed to prevent them from being dispersed in the environment. Lead in gasoline and paint has been... 

About 100 gal of process wastewater is typically generated from 1 t of coke produced.15 These wastewaters from byproduct coke making contain high levels of oil and grease, ammonia nitrogen, sulfides, cyanides, thiocyanates, phenols, benzenes, toluene, xylene, other aromatic volatile components, and polynuclear aromatic compounds. They may also contain toxic metals such as antimony, arsenic, selenium, and zinc. Water-to-air transfer of pollutants may take place due to the escape of volatile pollutants from open equalization and storage tanks and other wastewater treatment systems in the plant. 

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