Arsenic. .. Carbon

Palladium Arsenic, carbon, ozonides, sulfur, sodium tetrahydridoborate... 

Potassium chlorate (or other metal halogenate) intimately mixed with arsenic, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur or other readily oxidised materials gives friction-, impact- and heat-sensitive mixtures which may explode violently [1], When potassium chlorate is moistened with a solution of phosphorus in carbon disulfide, it eventually explodes as the solvent evaporates and oxidation proceeds [2], Boron bums in molten chlorate with dazzling brilliance [3]. Mixtures of the chlorate and finely powdered sulfur containing over 20% of the latter will explode under a hammer-blow [4],... 

Palladium Paraformaldehyde Paraldehyde Pentaborane-9 Pentacarbonyliron Arsenic, carbon, ozonides, sulfur, sodium tetrahydridoborate Liquid oxygen Alkalies, HCN, iodides, nitric acid, oxidizers Dimethylsulfoxide Acetic acid, nitric oxide, transition metal halides, water, zinc... 

In addition to the above two commonly found impurities, there are a number of other acid radical impurities which exist in pharmaceutical substances, namely arsenate, carbonate, cyanide, nitrate, oxalate, phosphate and silicate. 

Roesky and co-workers unexpectedly isolated the unique 14 membered macrocycle 38 containing arsenic, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms in the skeletal framework from reaction of arsenic(III) cyanide and hexafluoroacetone (Fig. 6.4). The structure of 38 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray. 

These are but a few of many analyses that have been given, all showing a remarkable sameness in composition. Besides these ingredients, the metaorio mass is sometimes found to contain silica, alumina, limo, po-tassa, chromium, magnesia, soda, arsenic, carbon, sulphur, chlorine, et cetera. 

Arsenic carbonate has not been prepared, but arsenic salts of several organic acids, including arsenic cyanide, thiocyanate, acetate and tartrate, are known. Arsenic chromithiocyanate, As[Cr(SCN)g], has also been described.5... 

Drum dryers potatoes, cereals, buttermilk, skim milk, dextrins, yeasts, instant oat meal, polyacylamides, sodium benzoate, propionates, acetates, phosphates, chelates, aluminum oxide, m-disulfuric acid, barium sulfate, calcium acetate-arsenate-carbonate-hydrate-phosphate, caustic, ferrous sulfate, glue, lead arsenate, sodium benzene sulfonate, and sodium chloride... 

Lee, J.S. and Nriagu, J. (2003) Arsenic carbonate complexes in aqueous systems. ACS Symposium Series, 835, 33-41. 

Evidence for exchange of arsenic-carbon with arsenic-oxygen and arsenic-sulfur bonds, respectively, is obtained from the thermal dispor-portionation of methylarsenous oxide (143) according to Eq. (154), of phenyl-arsenous oxide according to Eq. (155), and of alkyl or arylarsenous sulfides according to Eq. (156). 

C A volatile arsenic compound containing arsenic, carbon and hydrogen has the following composition by mass ... 

Gold Iridium Platinum Rhodium Ruthenium Palladium Mercury Silver Osmium Selenium Tellurium Polonium Copper Technetium Bismuth Antimony Arsenic Carbon Lead Rhenium Nickel Cobalt... 

Carbene carbon. Carbonyl carbon. COD = 1.5-cyclooctadiene. CioHja = cyclopen tad iene dimer. Carbon trans to phosphorus or arsenic. Carbon trans to halogen or methyl. Phenyl carbon. Cyanide carbon. 

Neurotoxic chemicals and motor neuropathy Chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos (DDVP), EPN, n-hexane, 2-hexanone, lead, lead chromate, lead II thiocyanate, leptophos, methamidophos, mipafox, omethoate, parathion, trichlor-fon, trichloronate, triorthocresyl phosphate Neurotoxic chemicals and sensorimotor neuropathy acrylamide, allyl chloride, arsenic and compounds, arsenic trichloride, calcium arsenate, carbon disulfide, dichloroacetylene, ethylene oxide, gallium arsenide, lead arsenate, mercuric chloride, mercuric nitrate, mercurous nitrate, mercury, nitrous oxide, phenyl arsine oxide, thallium and soluble compounds, thallous nitrate... 

This article will focus on the inorganic chemistry of arsenic rather on the species that feature arsenic carbon bonds, in which the carbon atom is part of an alkyl or aryl group, for example, (3) or (4) (these organoarsenicals may be found in the article see Arsenic Organoarsenic Chemistry). Only a few organoarsenicals are presented to illustrate applications or important species that were stabilized... 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A trace mineral added to animal feeds. Potentially explosive reaction with charcoal + ozone, metals (e.g., powdered aluminum, copper), arsenic carbon, phosphoms, sulfur, alkali metal hydrides, alkaline earth metal hydrides, antimony sulfide, arsenic sulfide, copper sulfide, tin sulfide, metal cyanides, metal thiocyanates, manganese dioxide, phosphorus. Violent reaction with organic matter. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of I and K2O. See also lODATES. 

The first example of biological arsenic-carbon bond cleavage was described by Challenger. Trimethylarsine is produced when S. brevicaulis and P. notatum act on C1CH2CH2AsO(OH)2. Because P. notatum does not methylate arsenate, it seems likely that loss of the (jlCH2CH2 group takes place after at least one methylation step. 

Protonolysis of arsenic-carbon bonds in triorganoarsenic compounds... 

When pathways (a) and (b) are followed, the electrons in the arsenic-carbon bond are displaced in an opposite direction in the two mechanisms. In alkene formation displacement of electrons is away from the arsenic atom, and in epoxide formation displacement of electrons is towards the arsenic atom. The change in pathway, depending upon the nature of the substituents at arsenic, could be associated with this, for electron-donating substituents on arsenic should assist displacement of the electrons away from the arsenic and favour alkene formation as observed . For similar reasons electron-withdrawing substituents on the ylidic carbon atom should favour alkene formation. 

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