Metal chloride complexe

Thermodynamic data show that the stabilities of the caesium chloride-metal chloride complexes are greater than the conesponding sodium and potassium compounds, and tire fluorides form complexes more readily tlrair the chlorides, in the solid state. It would seem that tire stabilities of these compounds would transfer into tire liquid state. In fact, it has been possible to account for the heats of formation of molten salt mixtures by the assumption that molten complex salts contain complex as well as simple anions, so tlrat tire heat of formation of the liquid mixtures is tire mole fraction weighted product of the pure components and the complex. For example, in the CsCl-ZrCU system the heat of formation is given on each side of tire complex compound composition, the mole fraction of the compound... 

Metal-chloride complexes studied by ion-exchange and solvent extraction methods, Part I and Part II. Y. Marcus, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1967, 2,195-238 (228) and 257-297 (239). 

Several cycles of anchoring reaction-hydrolysis can be performed in order to increase the metal loading. However, during the subsequent cycles, the metal chloride complexes can react with the OH groups of both the support and the grafted metal [35], and lead to the formation of two-dimensional or three-dimensional particles. 

When (V-arylimidoyl chlorides are not easily accessible, they can be successfully replaced by A-arylimidates. A-Arylimidates 12 react with a nitrile-metal chloride complex to form 2,4-di-substituted quinazolines 13 in good yields. Since imidates are destroyed by metal chlorides it is essential that the imidate is reacted with a preformed metal chloride-nitrile complex. ... 

BioHioCNH2R, and BioHioCH has been reported. The syntheses are based on two general reactions very closely related to the preparative methods recently described for the [3]-l,2-dicarbaundecahydroundecaboranyl [ (3)-l,2-dicarbollyl ] sandwich complexes (1) the reaction of NasBioHioCH and an anhydrous metal chloride, and (2) the reaction of CsBioHisCH, aqueous sodium hydroxide, and a metal chloride. Complexes of Fe(III), Co(III), and Ni(IV) with the three types of monocarbon carborane anions indicated above can be conveniently prepared by the aqueous route. The preparations of CssNi-(BioHioCH)2 and (BioHioCNH3)2Ni by this route are described here. 

Catalysts Synthesized from Metal Chloride Complexes... 

The diversity of opinions regarding the mechanism of the interaction of metal chloride complexes with the carbon surface is amazing. The suggested mechanisms may be classihed as follows ... 

Thus, the electrochemical mechanism of adsorption of noble metal chloride complexes combines a large set of different surface processes and establishes a relationship between them the processes involving components of the gas medium are also included. Analysis of the mechanism allows the following conclusions, which are essentially different from the commonly accepted ideas ... 

Metal Chloride Complexes. Optimum conditions for employing lithium aluminium halide as co-catalyst with tungsten hexachloride have been esta-... 

Graphite intercalate compounds have also been used to catalyse Fischer-Tropsch reactions. Although alkah-metal intercalates are active,the yield of hydrocarbons can be markedly improved by replacing the alkali metal with a transition-metal chloride complex or an alkali-metal/transition-metal chloride intercalate. 

Metal chloride complexes (59) with structures analogous to that of the samarium complex (50) have been obtained by the reaction of (57) with titanium or zirconium tetrachlorides via elimination of LiCl. Equimolar reaction of (57) and CrCl2(thf)2 has been shown to yield binuclear chromium complex (60), whilst reaction with a twofold excess of CrCl2(thf)2 affords a partially substituted tetranuclear complex (61). ... 

The absorbance of metal chloride complexes in the ultraviolet spectrsil region has been used extensively to automatically detect metal ions in liquid chromatography [24-27], The absorption wavelength maxima of the metal chloride complexes are shown in Table 4.3. Metal EDTA complexes also absorb quite well. 

The aforementioned review papers [59, 268, 424-430] reveal that a large number of metal fluoride and metal chloride complexes have been identified and investigated so far whereas our knowledge of the complexation of metal bromides and iodides is comparatively scanty. 

Reaction of XIII with Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes gives only the a-allyl complex, XV. The (7-allyl complex XV (M = Pd) can be transformed into the tc-allyl complex, XVI, by treatment with AgBp4. The formation of the ii-allyl-metal chloride complex (i.e., XIV) from XIII and Ni(II), but not from Pd(II) and Pt(II) is consistent with the ability of Ni(II) to form 18-electron complexes, which are less favored for Pd(II) and Pt(II). 

Other minerals such as sulfides, sulfates, and chlorides are not common in soils developed in humid climatic zones. In soils of arid climates, however, they can be the dominant control on the behavior of trace elements. Pyrite (FeS2) is known to be of environmental concern in soils of specific geochemistry, and chlorides can also be of concern due to their affinity to form soluble metal-chloride complexes with some metals (Table 5.4). 

Acylation of aromatic compounds (Friedel-Crafts, FC, acylation), of great industrial interest, suffers from an important catalysis problem [69]. Most of the Lewis acids used as catalysts (traditionally metal chlorides such as AICI3) complex preferentially with the ketone produced instead of with the acylating agent [70] (Scheme 9.20). Except for bismuth (III) chloride with acid chlorides, rarely does a metal chloride complex preferentially with the acylating agent [71, 72]. 

A wide variety of metals can be electrodeposited from room-temperature ionic liquids. The electrodeposition mechanisms of transition metals, lanthanides and Group 13 metals have been investigated as have cobalt,iron, manganese," tin," gold, " " silver, " palladium, " mercury, cerium, and lead, and the actinides. In addition, ionic liquids have been used extensively to study the electrochemistry and spectrochemistry of metal-chloride complexes. ... 

Consider, for example, planar tetrachlorometallate complexes. Metal chloride complexes provide a diverse source of experimental data against which to test theoretical models. Planar tetrachloro complexes like [CuCLi] and [PdCU] have been well studied " and analyses of the d—d spectra have established a (/-orbital sequence of dx -yi dxy > dxzjdyz > d. Assuming Cl is a linear ligator (i.e., a cylindrically symmetric tt ligand), this sequence is easily accommodated... 

Niobium pentachloride-tetrachloride equilibrium 42 Niobium-alkali metal chloride complexes 1... 

Based upon the above concept, three different types of membrane separation, i.e., (1) liquid membrane separation which utilizes lipophilic anion-exchangers as mobile carriers, (2) polymeric membrane separation in which the anion-exchange sites function as fixed carriers, and (3) polymeric plasticizer membrane separation in which the membrane is composed of polymeric support, membrane plasticizer, and lipophilic anion-exchangers as a novel membrane material are discussed in relation to their transport efficiency and selectivity for separation of heavy metal chloride complexes. 

Extraction of Heavy Metal Chloride Complexes. The successive formation constants of some heavy metal ions with chloride ion are summarized in Table I (5). Since Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) are strongly complexed by chloride ion, selective extraction systems for the separation of these heavy metal ions can be designed (9-... 

For back-extraction of the heavy metal chloride complexes from the chloroform phase into 1.0 mM HCl, the efficiency was reversed Pb(II) (99%) > Zn(II) (92%) > Cd(II) (75%). Thus a very high efficiency for back-extraction of Pb(II) was observed. 

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