Anhydrous Metal Chlorides

The reaction provides a valuable method of preparing anhydrous chlorides of metals. It has been used to prepare the anhydrous chlorides of copper(II), zinc, cadmium, chromium(III), iron(III). cobalt(Il) and nickel. 

Saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons Ethers Anhydrous calcium chloride anhydrous calcium sulphate metallic sodium phosphorus pentoxide. 

Chemical Properties. Thionyl chloride chemistry has been reviewed (169—173). Significant inorganic reactions of thionyl chloride include its reactions with sulfur trioxide to form pyrosulfuryl chloride and with hydrogen bromide to form thionyl bromide [507-16-4]. With many metal oxides it forms the corresponding metal chloride plus sulfur dioxide and therefore affords a convenient means for preparing anhydrous metal chlorides. 

Chlorides. Anhydrous ThCl [10026-08-1] has usually been prepared by direct interaction of thorium metal, hydride, or carbide with chlorine. 

BCl, BBr, and BI undergo exchange reactions to yield mixed boron hahdes. Exchange reactions also occur with trialkyl, triaryl, trialkoxy, or triaryloxy boranes and with diborane. Anhydrous metal bromides and iodides can be prepared by the exchange reaction of the metal chloride or oxide and BBr or BI (21)-... 

Aluminium chloride (anhydrous) [7446-70-0] M 133.3, m 192.6°. Sublimed several times in an all glass system under nitrogen at 30-50mm pressure. Has also been sublimed in a stream of dry HCl and has been subjected to a preliminary sublimation through a section of granular aluminium metal [for manipulative details see Jensen J Am Chem Soc 79 1226 1957]. Fumes in moist air. 

Industrial use of HCl gas for the manufacture of inorganic chemicals includes the preparation of anhydrous NH4CI by direct reaction with NH3 and the synthesis of anhydrous metal chlorides by reaction with appropriate carbides, nitrides, oxides or even the free metals themselves, e,g, ... 

The first weU-characterized organometallic compounds of the lanthanides or actinides were the tricyclopentadienides of various lanthanide ions S3mthesized by Birmingham and Wilkinson in 1954 (97—98). Anhydrous metal chlorides were reacted with sodium cyclopentadienide in tetrahydrofuran as follows ... 

Simple homoaryls of the lanthcmides [129) are stable and are prepared by the low temperature reaction of the anhydrous metal chloride with the appropriate hthium reagent in THF ... 

Sulfurous oxychloride is used as a chlorinating agent for making sulfoxides and acyl chlorides. It also is used in pesticide formulations and to prepare anhydrous metal halides from their hydrated halides or hydroxides. 

During the period 1965-1975 the chemistry of the 1,2-dithiolene complexes of the transition metals was the subject of considerable study.86,87,91-98 However, during this period of great activity few complexes of the early transition metals were reported aside from those of vanadium. The problem had much to do with synthetic procedures, since reaction of, say, the anhydrous metal chlorides with the dithiolene or its sodium salt did not prove successful. However, the use of metal dialkylamides99 did result in clean reactions (e.g. equation 21). 

Reaction XX. (6) Action of certain Anhydrous Metallic Halides (Aluminium Chloride, Aluminium Bromide, Aluminium and Hydrogen Chloride, Ferric Chloride) on a mixture of an Aromatic Hydrocarbon or certain Derivatives, and an Acyl Halide. (Friedel-Crafts.) (A. Ch., [6], 1, 518.)—This is an even more important application of the Friedel-Crafts synthesis than the methods of synthesising hydrocarbons (pp. 58, 60). The reactions involved are more readily controlled since the products, in presence of aluminium chloride, do not undergo further condensations. Usually these products have also the advantage of being more easily separated, for, as shown below in (iii.), the formation of isomers can be avoided. 

Cement, laboratory, 189 Cerium amalgam, 15 Cesium, metallic, 79 Chloroamine, 59 Chlorides, anhydrous, 28, 29 of silicon, 42 Chloroplumbic acid, 48 Chromi-oxalates, 37 Chromous acetate, 122 Chromous chloride, 124, 125 solution, 124 tetrahydrate, 126 trihydrate, 126 Cinnabar, 20 Cobalti-oxalates, 37... 

Magnesium chloride, anhydrous, 29 Manganous chloride, anhydrous, 29 Mercuric sulfide, red, 19 Mercury, solubility of metals in, 6 Metals, solubility in mercury, 6 Monochloroamine, 59 analysis of, 62... 

Rare earth chlorides, anhydrous, 28 Rare earth metals, 18 amalgams, concentration of, 17 Rhenium, metallic, 175 by reduction of ammonium per-rhenate, 177... 

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