Metabolites mosquito larvae

Aquatic Ecosystem and Fish. Metcalf et al. (2) studied the fate of diflubenzuron (radiolabeled separately in three different positions) in their model ecosystem. Diflubenzuron was dubbed "moderately persistent" in algae, snails, salt marsh caterpillars, and mosquito larvae as evidenced by limited biodegradability (Table IV). However, diflubenzuron and its nonpolar metabolites were not prone to ecological magnification in Gambusia fish. The lack of bioaccumulation of diflubenzuron residues in fish was substantiated by Booth and Ferrell (14) who used the channel catfish, Ictalurus, in a simulated lake ecosystem. They treated separate soil samples at 0.007 and 0.55 ppm, respectively. 

In a model aquatic ecosystem, methoxychlor degraded to ethanol, dihydroxy ethane, dihy-droxyethylene, and unidentified polar metabolites (Metcalf et al, 1971). Kapoor et al. (1970) also studied the biodegradation of methoxychlor in a model ecosystem containing snails, plankton, mosquito larvae, Daphnia magna, and mosquito fish Gambusia affinis). The following metabolites were identified 2-(/5-methoxyphenyl)-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-l,l,l-trichloroethane, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1 -trichloroethane, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1 -trichloroethylene,... 

Phototoxicity of Plant Secondary Metabolites to Mosquito Larvae... 

A study of the the metabolic and environmental fate of a-terthienyl (3) has been carried out [99]. Metabolism in rats resulted in the formation of the two metabolites (27, 28), and the dithienyl acid (28) could be detected as a metabolite in mosquito larvae (Scheme 1). Under conditions of simulated sunlight, a methanol solution of (3) yielded (28), a number of 2-sub-stituted thiophenes, eg (29, 30), their methyl esters, and thiophene 2, 5-di-carboxylic acid. 

Methoxychlor [72-43-5], a compound similar to DDT in chemical structure soon replaced DDT after the latter s ban. It is less toxic than DDT and degrades faster in the enviromnent than DDT or its metabolite. Methoxychlor is being used to control biting flies, honseflies and mosquito larvae. Other applications include its use against elm bark-beetle that causes Dutch elm disease and in veterinary medicines to kill parasites that live on the exterior of their host. 

DDE Microcosm study (snail, mosquito larvae, and mosquito fish) 3-14% polar metabolites... 

Few sulfur-containing secondary metabolites have been isolated from green algae. As well as the sulfated triter-penic alcohols mentioned previously, two biologically active atypical compounds were characterized. The first compound is a bis-alkykanthate, whose function is very rare in the natural environment and is toxic to mosquito larvae. The second compound is a cyclic disulfide inhibitor... 

The azido derivative 683 (CGA 19255) had herbicidal and even better insecticidal activity. 683 prevented the development of the larvae of the house fly (Musca domestica) it was tested successfully as a poultry feed-through lar-vicide " . 684 (CGA 72622 cyromazine, Larvadex ), a metabolite of 683 23,824 proved to be better suitable as a larvicide " . It inhibited growth of a great variety of Diptera insect larvae (e.g. house fly, yellow fever mosquito, face fly, sheep blowfly, fall army worm). Additionally, 684 was used as anthelmintic . 684 is applied as a food additive for domestic or livestock animals or by spraying it on manure surface. Larvicidal properties of formamido " and formamidino derivatives of 684 have been tested. The bacterial degradation of 684 was investigated . ... 

---