Yellow fever mosquito

As mosquito larvae are relatively easy to kill with insecticides, any toxic spray residue is likely to be detected. Two species of mosquito larvae were used, the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti L.) and the southern house mosquito (Culex quinquefasdatus Say). Tests with the southern house mosquito were made essentially according to the method of Campbell, Sullivan, and Smith (I), except for the kind of food supplied and size of containers used. 

Larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, which are shallow feeders, were reared at room temperature by methods similar to those used in culturing Anopheles mosquito larvae (2, 6). Filter papers containing the eggs (furnished through the courtesy of R. E. Heal, Merck Co., Inc., Rahway, N. J.) were placed in tap water in shallow porcelain pans (12 X 7 inches, and 2 inches deep). The eggs hatched within 24 hours. When the larvae had hatched, powdered dog biscuit was added daily at the rate of 100 mg. per liter of water. 

In addition to their potential as antitumor agents, acetogenins have great potential as natural "organic" pesticides (Mikolajczak et al., 1988,1989 McLaughlin et al., 1997). Bullata-cin (1) and trilobacin (3) (see Figure 13.1) were more potent than rotenone, a classic complex I mitochondrial inhibitor, in a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study using yellow fever mosquito (YFM) larvae (He et al., 1997). 

Bernier UR, Kline DL, Barnard DR, Schreck CE, Yost RA (2000) Analysis of Human Skin Emanations by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2. Identification of Volatile Compounds That Are Candidate Attractants for the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti). Anal Chem 72 747... 

To date, several a-amylases have been identified in diverse organisms, e.g., Aed a 4 in yellow fever mosquito or Der p 4 in European house dust mite. Cereal a-amylases are important allergens for patients with baker s asthma involving the two crucial allergens from barley (Hor v 15 and Hor v 16). Some of these patients also show IgE reactivity to fungal a-amylases, e.g., Asp o 21 from Aspergillus, used as baking additives or present in mold contaminated flour. 

Yellow fever mosquito (Ades aegypti) Bt var. israelensis... 

Kumar, S., Thomas, A., Sahgal, A., Verma, A., Samuel, T., and Phillai, M.K.K., Effect of the synergist, piperonyl butoxide, on the development of deltamethrin resistance in yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera Culicidae), Arch. Insert Biochem. Physiol., 50,1, 2002. 

The related achetakinins double the rate of fluid secretion by isolated Acheta Malpighian tubules (Coast, G. M., et al. J. Insect Phvsiol.. in press.)- In addition, some leucokinins stimulate fluid secretion and/or depolarize transepithelial membrane potentials in the malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegvpti. in a fashion similar to several uncharacterized peptides isolated from mosquito head extracts (23). Thus, the neuropeptide family of leucokinins, achetakinins, and homologs may function in the control of water and ion balance, as well as myotropic activity, in a number of insects. To determine the relationships of the C-terminal sequence of the leucokinins to myotropic activity, analogs were synthesized and tested on the isolated cockroach hindgut. 

The azido derivative 683 (CGA 19255) had herbicidal and even better insecticidal activity. 683 prevented the development of the larvae of the house fly (Musca domestica) it was tested successfully as a poultry feed-through lar-vicide " . 684 (CGA 72622 cyromazine, Larvadex ), a metabolite of 683 23,824 proved to be better suitable as a larvicide " . It inhibited growth of a great variety of Diptera insect larvae (e.g. house fly, yellow fever mosquito, face fly, sheep blowfly, fall army worm). Additionally, 684 was used as anthelmintic . 684 is applied as a food additive for domestic or livestock animals or by spraying it on manure surface. Larvicidal properties of formamido " and formamidino derivatives of 684 have been tested. The bacterial degradation of 684 was investigated . ... 

There was a great deal of interest in vectors , or the transmission of disease by insects. Mosquitoes were an attractive proposition, since many species carry disease, and all pass the disease on by injecting their victim. A soldier in a gas mask has no protection. Of particular interest was the species Aedes aegypti, known as the yellow fever mosquito . In 1801 it destroyed an entire army sent by... 

The (myo) kinin family of peptides is especially a very interesting one, because its members have two very different functional activities in insects. The first members of this family were originally isolated on the basis of stimulation of the cockroach hindgut in vitro from extracts of whole heads of L. maderae [151]. This species contains 8 isoforms of kinins. Shortly after their first isolation, it was reported that these kinins also stimulate diuretic activity of isolated Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti [175], This function of kinins has now been shown regularly in conspecific diuretic assays with a number of other insect species. To date, the structure of kinins (see Table 5) have been fully elucidated in insects from the American cockroach (8 isoforms), the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (5 isoforms), the migratory locust (1 isoform), the mosquitoes, Culex salinarius and A. 

The most exhaustive studies on this order concern themselves with larval and pupal stages of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes and the fruit fly Drosophila. 

Trager has studied the growth and nutrition of the larvae of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti for many years. His media contained casein, however, so no information regarding the amino acid requirements was obtained. This problem has been taken up by Goldberg and de Meillon. 

Some mosquitoes seem to love it l-Octen-3-ol is in the breath and sweat of mammals, most notably cows. l-Octen-3-ol attracts mosquitoes, especially in coiyunction with GOg, the two components having a synergistic effect, and has been used in mosquito traps. There is an active study of molecules like 1-octen-3-ol which may either attract or repel insect pests, including tsetse flies and the Scottish biting midge. The neuron for the octenol receptor in the Yellow Fever mosquito Aedes aegypti) has recently been examined and found to be over 100 times more sensitive to the (i )-isomer of l-octen-3-ol than to the (S)-isomer. 

Functional characterization of the octenol-receptor neuron of the yellow-fever mosquito)... 

We have examined a variety of plants, chosen for their traditional medicinal or insect control uses, for insecticidal and insect antifeedant properties. Our test insects are crop pests such as the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura, medically important insects (e.g the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegyptii) or wood-destroying organisms such as the termite Reticulitermes speratus. 

Figure 6. MALDI-TOF analyses of the paragonial gland extracts of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) and the tiger mosquito (Ae. cdbopictus). Males of the tiger mosquito contain more ingredients in the several thousand MW range than do those of the yellow fever mosquito.

Biol, prop. Activity as bactericide against Staphylococcus aureus (2126). Activity as fungicide against Aspergillus niger, Venturis inaequalis (2126). Activity as insecticide against yellow fever mosquito larvae (2126), Musca domestics, effect on reporduction (26O), Prodenia eridania larvae (2126). Phytotoxicity to foliage of woody plants (2126). 

H. K. Gouck, T. P. McGovern, and M. Beroza, Chemicals tested as space repellents against yellow-fever mosquitoes. 1. Esters, J. Econ. EntomoL, 60, 1587,1967. 

---