Insects Diptera

Mammals (other than primates), insects (diptera only)... 

Table III. Comparative Insecticidal Activity of DDT and DFDT against Insects of Diptera...

The Diptera regulate ovarian development in a different manner than do cockroaches and beetles. Whereas in most insects JH directly stimulates the fat body... 

Pelsue, F.W. 1985. Histopathological effects of two insect chitin inhibitors in the alimentary canal of chirono-mid midges (diptera chironomidae). Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 10 72-79. 

Rodrigues, C.S. and N.K. Kaushik. 1986. Laboratory evaluation of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron against black fly (diptera simulidae) larvae and its effects on nontarget stream invertebrates. Canad. Entomol. 118 549-558. 

OBPs were initially identified in Lepidoptera and later isolated and/or cloned from various insect orders, namely, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera ([16] and references therein). Recently, they have been identified from a primitive termite species [ 17], thus, suggesting that this gene family is distributed throughout the Neopteran orders. The three orders most... 

Malathion Organophosphate 121-75-5 -1.28 1991 Insectic. An insecticide and acaricide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera... 

Results from these laboratory studies demonstrated that avermectin Bj had high toxicity for the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on bean plants. When applied in solution directly onto adult and nymphal spider mite populations on foliage, avermectin Bj was shown to be 50-200 times as potent as commercially available acaricides, with an LC q of 0.02-0.03 ppm. Additional tests on foliage with insects in the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Isoptera and Hymenoptera confirmed the broad spectrum activity and potency of the avermectin family of compounds and avermectin Bj in particular. Table II provides LC q values for avermectin Bj for the control of larval forms of several of these insects in foliar residue assays (18). 

Additional ocurrences as follows Pteridines occur in other Lepidoptera (204,310,311), Diptera (312), and Hemiptera (107,313,314), and other insects (50,315). Uric acid is found in other Drosophila species (253,316), other cockroaches (285,287-292), and other insects (317-321). Guanine occurs in other scorpions (322-324), spiders (322,325,326), and ticks (308,327). 

K. Kalthoff, Analysis of a morphogenetic determinant in an insect embryo (Smittia sp., Chironomidae, Diptera). In Determinants of Spatial Organization, S. Subtelny and I. Konigsberg, eds.. Academic Press, New York, 1979, pp. 97-126. 

Juvenile hormone (JH) regulates both vitellogenesis and pheromone production in some insect species (Tillman et al., 1999). In some Diptera, including the housefly, ovarian-produced ecdysteroids are involved in regulating vitellogenesis (Hagedom, 1985 Adams et al., 1997) at the transcriptional level (Martin et al., 2001). Because ovariectomy abolished sex pheromone production while alletectomy (which abolishes JH production) had no effect on pheromone production (Blomquist et al., 1992), it was therefore hypothesized that an ecdysteroid, and not JH,... 

Blomquist G. J., Guo L., Gu P., Blomquist C., Reitz R. C. and Reed J. R. (1994) Methyl-branched fatty acids and their biosynthesis in the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera Muscidae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 24, 803-810. 

In insects, especially Diptera, several pioneer studies reviewed by Blomquist et al. (1987) established that long chain hydrocarbons, some of which play a pheromone role, were derived from very long chain fatty acids by reduction and decarboxylation. Thus, pheromone biosynthesis shares steps with those leading to basic lipid molecules and also with those of the well-known pheromones of Lepidoptera (Roelofs and Wolf, 1988). All often display several double bonds located in various positions while the volatile butterfly compounds bear functional groups (acetate, aldehyde or alcohol) and aliphatic chains with 12-16 carbons. Contact pheromones of flies have much longer chains (21C-39C) (Pennanec h et al., 1991). 

OBPs have now been identified from numerous species of several insect Orders, including Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (holometabolous insects), as well as Hemiptera and Phasmatodea (ametabolous insects). A recent classification defining OBP-Typel and OBP-Type 2 has been proposed by Vogt et al. (1999), based on phylogeny, tissue localization and structural features. 

Itoh T., Yokohari F., TanimuraT. and Tominaga Y. (1991) External morphology of sensilla in the sacculus of an antennal flagellum of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera Drosophilidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 20, 235-243. 

---