Metabolism molecular biology

Sing-Yung W, Visser TJ. Thyroid hormone metabolism Molecular biology and alternate pathways. Boca Raton CRC Press, 1994. 

The World Wide Web has transformed the way in which we obtain and analyze published information on proteins. What only a few years ago would take days or weeks and require the use of expensive computer workstations can now be achieved in a few minutes or hours using personal computers, both PCs and Macintosh, connected to the internet. The Web contains hundreds of sites of Interest to molecular biologists, many of which are listed in Pedro s BioMolecular Research Tools (http // www.fmi.ch/biology/research tools.html). Many sites provide free access to databases that make it very easy to obtain information on structurally related proteins, the amino acid sequences of homologous proteins, relevant literature references, medical information and metabolic pathways. This development has opened up new opportunities for even non-specialists to view and manipulate a structure of interest or to carry out amino-acid sequence comparisons, and one can now rapidly obtain an overview of a particular area of molecular biology. We shall here describe some Web sites that are of interest from a structural point of view. Updated links to these sites can be found in the Introduction to Protein Structure Web site (http // WWW.ProteinStructure.com/). 

For Further Reading J. A. Kraut and N. E. Madias, Approach to patients with acid—base disorders, Respiratory Care, vol. 46, no. 4, April 2001, pp. 392—403. J. Squires, Artificial blood, Science, vol. 295, Feb. 8, 2002, pp. 1002-1005. Lynn Taylor and Norman P. Curthoys, Glutamine metabolism Role in Acid-Base Balance, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, vol. 32, no. 5, 2004, pp. 291-304. 

Hanson, A.D. Grumet, R. (1985). Betaine accumulation metabolic pathways and genetics. In Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress, ed. J.L. Key and T. Tosuge, pp. 71-92. New York Alan R. Liss. 

Henry S.A. (1982) Membrane lipids of yeast biochemical mid genetic studies. In The Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces, vol. 2. Metabolism and Biosynthesis (eds J.N. Strathem, E.W. Jones J.R. Broach), pp. 101-158. Cold Spring Harbor, NY Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 

R. Hampp and C. Schaeffer, Myeorrhiza—carbohydrates and energy metabolism, Myeorrhiza Structure, molecular biology and function (A. K. Varma and B. Hock, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1995, pp. 267-296. 

Vemuri, G.N. and Aristidou, A.A. (2005) Metabolic engineering in the -omics era elucidating and modulating regulatory networks. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 69, 197-216. 

Komuniecki, R. and Harris, B. (1995) Carbohydrate and energy metabolism in helminths. In Marr,J. and Mueller, M. (eds) Biochemistry and Molecular Biolog of Parasites. Academic Press, New York, pp. 49-66. 

The liver plays an important role in determining the oral bioavailability of drags. Drag molecules absorbed into the portal vein are taken up by hepatocytes, and then metabolized and/or excreted into the bile. For hydrophilic drugs, transporters located on the sinusoidal membrane are responsible for the hepatic uptake [1, 2]. Biliary excretion of many drags is also mediated by the primary active transporters, referred to as ATP-binding cassette transmembrane (ABC) transporters, located on the bile canalicular membrane [1, 3-5], Recently, many molecular biological... 

Miley, M.J., Zielinska, A.K., Keenan, J.E., Bratton, S.M., Pandya, A.R. andRedinbol, M.R. (2007) Crystal structure of the cofactor-binding domain of the human phase II drug-metabolism enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. Journal of Molecular Biology,... 

These differences probably contribute to the fact that mathematical modeling is, as yet, not seen as a mainstream research tool in many areas of molecular biology. However, as will be described in the remainder of this chapter, many obstacles in the construction of kinetic models of cellular metabolism can be addressed using a combination of novel and established experimental and computational techniques, enabling the construction of metabolic models of increasing complexity and size. 

Apart from the chemical technology developments mentioned above, metabolic pathway and flux engineering will have an increasing impact on the way multi-step organic syntheses are carried out in the fine-chemicals industry. For the next generation of microbial conversions, the challenge of molecular biology is to ... 

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