Profiling metabolic

It is generally accepted that the two main fiber types have different metabolic profiles with higher activities of Ca activated myosin ATPase, creatine kinase. 

Ali, A. A. Ali, K.E. Fadlalla, A. Khalid, K.E. (2008). The effects of GA oral treatment on the metabolic profile of chronic renal failure patients under regular haemodialysis in Central Sudan. Natural Product Research, Vol.22, No.l, (January 2008), pp.12-21, ISSN 1478-6419. 

Figure 18.1 Schematic representation for the prediction of the complete metabolic profile of a molecule using databases and a machine learning approach. In this example various metabolite rules are used to illustrate how this method will be implemented. Molecule B could also represent metabolites derived from Molecule A.

In a few cases, information obtained from macromolecular methods is included where such data might have a bearing on interpretation of how a given secondary metabolic profile could have come about. Specifically, it is possible to speculate on... 

Pillai BVS, Swamp (2002) Elucidation of the flavonoid catabolism pathway in Pseudomonas putida PML2 by comparative metabolic profiling. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 143-151. 

Molecular structure has been shown to influence absorption. By examining the structural characteristics of drugs that were in use, certain common characteristics of well-absorbed molecules were identified, commonly referred to as the rule of five. Some investigators have used this as a basis for characterizing the drug-likeness of a lead chemical. Other factors also come into play including receptor activity, metabolism profile and for CNS-active compounds, an ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. 

Aripiprazole shares a similar metabolic profile to risperidone, being metabolized by CYP2D6 and 3A4 (Kubo etal, 2005). Few studies exist to compare and contrast aripiprazole effects in different ethnic groups. A recent study indicated that Chinese... 

Oldiges, M., Kunze, M., Degenring, D. et al. (2004) Stimulation, monitoring, and analysis of pathway dynamics by metabolic profiling in the aromatic amino acid pathway. Biotechnology Progress, 20, 1623-1633. 

The following scheme summarizes the metabolic profile of valproic acid [84]. 

Denkert C, Budczies J, Kind T, et al. Mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling reveals different metabolite patterns in invasive ovarian carcinomas and ovarian borderline tumors. Cancer Res. 2006 66 10795-10804. 

Young JD, Slauter RW, Karbowski RJ. 1977. The pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile of C-acrylonitrile given to rats by three routes. Dow Chemical Co., Toxicology Research Laboratory, Midland, Ml. 

Bond (135) found that S9 preparations from rat nasal tissue have twice the specific activity for the oxidative metabolism of 1-nitropyrene as liver S9 and 10 times the activity of lung S9. Each S9 preparation gave similar metabolic profiles with the... 

The majority of viruses that infect plants have single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. It has therefore been necessary to use infectious cDNA clones for the in vitro manipulation of RNA viruses, allowing them to be developed as effective tools for the commercial production of target proteins in plants. This approach has also been used to study the genetic and metabolic profiles of both viruses and their host plants. Siegel [14] conceptualized the potential use of RNA viruses as expression vectors. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) and Tobacco mosaic vims (TMV) were the first two RNA viruses to be converted into expression vectors. These vectors have since been pro-... 

No one tissue can survive metabolically without the others. Each of the four major tissue types (liver, muscle, adipose, brain) has a specialized metabolic function. There are some differences in the metabolic pathways in each tissue however, these differences are relatively simple and serve to specialize the metabolic functions of the different tissue types. There is real cooperation between the different organs. Each organ has its own metabolic profile, its own needs, and its own capabilities. 

Schauer N, Semel Y, Roessner U, Gur A, Balbo I, Carrari F, Pleban T, Perez-Melis A, Bruedigam C, Kopka J, Willmitzer L, Zamir D and Fernie AR. 2006. Comprehensive metabolic profiling and phenotyping of interspecific introgression lines for tomato improvement. Nat Biotechnol 24 447 154. 

METABOLIC PROFILING APPROACH SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION AND PARALLEL ANALYSES... 

There are multiple tools and technologies being developed to assist in metabolic profiling. Many of the approaches contain mass selective detection that is incorporated due to its enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Several good overviews... 

Figure 3.3 GC/MS metabolic profiles of a polar M. truncatula root extract that illustrates the elution regions of various metabolite classes. The (a) normalized chromatogram is dominated by several peaks, but the (b) expanded view of the same root profile reveals a substantially larger amount of information not apparent at first glance.

Figure 3.4 GC/MS metabolic profile of a polar M. truncatula root extract that provides the identification for many of the root components. Individual components are identified by matching their mass spectra to those in databases or by comparison with authentic samples. Using this approach we have identified a large number (>130 currently) of primary metabolites in M. truncatula.

Figure 3.12 Metabolic profiling by capillary electrophoresis, (a) Comparative carbohydrate profiles of M. truncatula tissue obtained using 4-aminobenzonitrile derivatization, capillary electrophoresis with a 150 mM borate buffer, pH = 9, and on-column UV detection at 214 nm. (b) Anion profile from M. truncatula using capillary electrophoresis and indirect UV detection. The separation buffer was 5 mM K2C1O4, 1% Waters OFM-Anion BT, pH 8.0.

Metabolic Profiling of Anionic Species by Capillary Electrophoresis... 

TRETHEWEY, R.N., KROTZKY, A.J., WILLMITZER, L., Metabolic profiling A Rosetta stone for genomics , Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 1999, 2, 83-85. 

TRETHEWY, R.N., Gene discovery via metabolic profiling, Current Opin. Biotechnol., 2001,12,135-138. 

GLASSBROOK, N., BEECHER, C., RYALS, I., Metabolic profiling on the right path, Nature Biotechnol., 2000,18,1142-1143. 

ROESSNER, U., LUEDEMANN, A., BRUST, D., FIEHN, O., LINKE, T WILLMITZER, L., FERNIE, A.R., Metabolic profiling allows comprehensive phenotyping of genetically or environmentally modified plant systems, Plant Cell, 2001,13,11-29. 

FRASER, P.D., ELISABETE, M., PINTO, S., HOLLOWAY, D.E., BRAMLEY, P.M., Application of high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection to the metabolic profiling of plant isoprenoids, Plant J., 2000, 24, 551-558. 

NING, C., KUHARA, T INOUE, Y, ZHANG, C.H., MATSUMOTO, M., SHINKA, T., FURUMOTO, T., YOKOTA, K., MATSUMOTO, I., Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric metabolic profiling of patients with fatal infantile mitochondrial myopathy with De Toni-Fanconi-Debre syndrome, Acta Paediatrica Japonica, 1996,38,661-666. 

SAUTER, H., LAUER, M., FRITSH, H., Metabolic profiling of plants a new diagnostic technique. In American Chemical Society Symposium Series (D.R. Baker, J.G. Fenyes and W.K. Moberg, eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington DC, USA 1991, 443, pp. 288-299... 

---