Metabolic profiling of plants

FRASER, P.D., ELISABETE, M., PINTO, S., HOLLOWAY, D.E., BRAMLEY, P.M., Application of high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection to the metabolic profiling of plant isoprenoids, Plant J., 2000, 24, 551-558. 

SAUTER, H., LAUER, M., FRITSH, H., Metabolic profiling of plants a new diagnostic technique. In American Chemical Society Symposium Series (D.R. Baker, J.G. Fenyes and W.K. Moberg, eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington DC, USA 1991, 443, pp. 288-299... 

Knowing that correlations can be made between peak intensities and physiological conditions, the question arises whether metabolic profiling of plants treated with bioactive compounds such as herbicides or bioregulators could be used as a diagnostic method for characterizing and classifying new experimental compounds. 

In the last decade, many reviews have been written on the application of NMR spectroscopy to the metabolic profiling of plants and crops (Colquhoun, 2007 Defemez and Colquhoun, 2004 Hohnes et al., 2006 Krishnan et al., 2005). 

The majority of viruses that infect plants have single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. It has therefore been necessary to use infectious cDNA clones for the in vitro manipulation of RNA viruses, allowing them to be developed as effective tools for the commercial production of target proteins in plants. This approach has also been used to study the genetic and metabolic profiles of both viruses and their host plants. Siegel [14] conceptualized the potential use of RNA viruses as expression vectors. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) and Tobacco mosaic vims (TMV) were the first two RNA viruses to be converted into expression vectors. These vectors have since been pro-... 

Compounds that have the same MoA affect the same metabolic processes. Therefore, the expression profiles of plants treated with compounds having the same MoA should be very similar and clearly different from those of compounds with other MoAs. Under this assumption, a compendium of expression profiles from Arahidopsis plants treated with compounds/herbicides of known MoA was established. The compendium represents about 40 herbicides from eleven known... 

The determination of the metabolism profile of medicinal herbs and plant extracts is very difficult due to their inherent complexity. In the present work, a rapid analytical method using LC—MS" techniques for flavonol component screening in crude herbal extract and biosamples was established. Mass spectrometric fragmentation behavior and metabolic pathway complement each other in structural identification and correlating the metabolites and their parent forms. This information provides a basis for research that involves the metabolism profile of complex mixtures. 

Figure 1 Metabolic profile of untreated barley plants (silylated metabolites) ...

Tikunov, Y, Verstappen, F. HaU, R.D. (2006). A metabolic profiling of natural volatiles head-space trapping GC/MS. In Plant Metabolomics Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology (ed. W. Weekwerth), pp. 39-53. Humana Press, Totowa. 

Metabolic profiling of laser microdis-sected vascular bundles of Arabidopsis thal-iana. Plant Methods 1 2. 

Each plant tissue tends to have an obviously distinctive profile of flavonoids. The flavonoid content can reach about 0.5% in pollen, 10% in propolis, and about 6 mg/kg in honey. Havonoid aglycones appear to be present only in propolis and honey, while pollen contains flavanols in herosidic forms. The flavonoids in honey and propolis have been identified as flavanones and flavanones/flavanols (Campos et ah, 1990). The antimi-crobially active flavanone pinocembrine was foimd to be a major flavonoid in honey (Bogdanov, 1989). Amiot et ah (1989) studied two blossom and two honeydew Swiss honey samples and foimd that pinocembrine was the main flavonoid. Pinocembrine concentration varied between 2 and 3 mg/kg (Bogdanov, 1989). Berahia et ah (1993) analyzed sunflower honey samples and detected six flavone/flavols, four flavanone/ flavols, and pinocembrin, of which pinocembrin is the main flavonoid. The flavonoids in sunflower honey and propolis were characterized and assessed for their effects on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and benzo [fl]pyrene-DNA adduct formation (Sabatier et ah, 1992 Siess et ah, 1996). 

ROESSNER, U., LUEDEMANN, A., BRUST, D., FIEHN, O., LINKE, T WILLMITZER, L., FERNIE, A.R., Metabolic profiling allows comprehensive phenotyping of genetically or environmentally modified plant systems, Plant Cell, 2001,13,11-29. 

Metabolic Engineering of Glucosinolate Profiles in Transgenic Plants. 240... 

METABOLIC ENGINEERING OF GLUCOSINOLATE PROFILES IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS... 

Figure 13.5 Metabolic engineering of oxime-derived natural products in Arabidopsis plants. Up- and downregulation of endogenous as well as exogenous CYP79s provides a powerful tool for alteration of the glucosinolate profiles and introduction of novel glucosinolates, as well as for engineering oxime-derived natural products.

---