Melon crops

Pinkerton JN, Ivors KL, Reeser PW, Bristow PR, Windom GE (2002) The use of soil solarization for the management of soilborne plant pathogens in strawberry and red raspberry production. Plant Dis 86 645-651. doi 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.645 Pivonia S, Cohen R, Levita R, Katan J (2002) Improved solarization of containerized medium for the control of Monosporascus collapse in melon. Crop prot 21 907-912. doi 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00057-1... 

Uses Preemeigence herbicide used to control weeds in cotton and melon crops. 

A few products, such as bananas, tomatoes, melons, cucumbers and some crops of potato, are better kept at higher temperatures. These conditions vary with the variety, state of ripeness when picked and required time of storage. 

The collected sample weight must be more than 4 kg in most crops at each sampling time. For light crops such as strawberry, 2 kg or more should be collected. The number of individual units sampled is more than 10 for crops such as watermelon, melon, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, radish, and pumpkin. 

The minimum detectable level is estimated with the dinifroaniline signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). With fortification levels between 0.2 and 0.5mgkg the recovery of trifluralin from plant matrices is 70-99% with the LOD/LOQ being 0.005 mg kg according to the analytical method of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. In multiresidue analysis by GC/NPD, the percent recoveries of pendimethalin from each crop with a fortification level of 0.25 mg kg were brown rice 70, potato 70, cabbage 80, letmce 89, carrot 84, cucumber 64, shiitake 74, apple 76, strawberry 99, and banana 99%. The LOD for each sample was 0.01 mg kg for pendimethalin. In residue analysis by GC/ECD, recoveries of the majority of dinifroaniline herbicides from fortified samples of carrot, melon, and tomato at fortification levels of 0.04—0.10 mg kg ranged from 79 to 92%. The LODs were benfluralin 0.001, pendimethalin 0.002 and trifluralin 0.001 mg kg for the GC/ECD method. ... 

One of the first considerations in the use of any chemical is possible accumulations of harmful residues in soils. Evidence proves beyond any doubt that many of the newer compounds remain in the soil for at least 5 years. How much longer they may persist, time alone can determine. We know that both selenium and molybdenum can be picked up from soils by plants, which thus become extremely toxic to animals, even when plants themselves are apparently unharmed. Often a given piece of land may be treated safely as far as one crop is concerned but another crop may be injured. For example, potatoes will tolerate large amounts of DDT in the soil as a means of controlling wireworms which are extremely destructive melons, on the other hand, are severely injured by excessive DDT in the soil. There can be no assurance in many cases as to the ultimate use of any... 

After use, herbicides decompose slowly, and so affect cultivated plants for many years. In 1990, investigations in many regions of the USSR detected herbicides phytotoxic effects, especially among the si/m-triazine class, on different cultivars in many varied situations [13]. These sym-triazine herbicides, such as protrazin, simazin, atrazine, metazin, and prometrin, were used in different oblasts of the Ukraine, Kirgizia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Moldavia in previous years, especially on corn. Residual herbicide aftereffects led to the suppression and death of crops such as winter wheat, oats, barley, rye, potatoes, beets and sugar beets, linen, onions, watermelons and other melons, and sunflowers. 

More than 20% of insects are pollinators. Bees alone pollinate more than 50 agricultural crops [111]. When fully pollinated, fruit and berry plants grow 30-40% more, and melons and squash twice as much, or more. Bees increase harvest size 3-4 times in feed grass like alfalfa, red clover, and vetch [111]. However, the number of bees and other plant pollinators sharply and universally decreased in regions of the USSR where chemicals were used in agriculture in the middle of the 1980s. Because of this decrease, harvest size of some plants has noticeably decreased (for example, buckwheat and melons). 

Plesofsky-vig N, Brambl R (1985) The heat shock response of fungi. Exp Mycol 9 187-194 Ploeg AT, Stapleton JJ (2001) Glasshouse studies on the effects of time, temperature and amendment of soil with broccoli plant residues on the infestation of melon plant by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Nematology 3 855-861 Pokharel RR (1995) Effect of crop rotation and solarization on the population densities of rice root nematode Hirschmanniella spp. in Nepal. Int Rice Res Notes 20 28-29... 

Tamietti G, Valentino D (2006) Soil solarization as an ecological method for the control of Fusarium wilt of melon in Italy. Crop Prot 25 389-397. doi 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.07.002 Ten Berge HFM (1990) Heat and water transfer in bare topsoil and the lower atmosphere. Center Agric. Publ. Doc. (Pudoc), Wageningen... 

In cool climates, zucchini, marrows, pumpkins, sguashes, and cucumbers can crop outdoors if raised in warmth and transplanted into warm soil, after the last frost. In warmer regions they can be sown direct outside. Melons need warm conditions and may have to be grown in a cool greenhouse or cold frame if you live in a region with a short growing season. 

In this line, successful examples of transcriptome analysis are based on recently developed microarray chips covering the genome of important crop species such as watermelon, citrus, melon, canola, etc (51,52). 

Uses as fungicide to control early and late blights of potatoes and tomatoes anthracnose in cucurbits leaf spot diseases in many crops glume blotch of wheat also used on vegetables, ornaments, berry fruits, melons, coffee and tobacco, etc. 

Planting Time—Cool-weather crops, such as spinach, peas, and some turfgrass, are subject to attack by certain diseases if planted when the temperatures are warmer. They often emerge and establish poorly under such conditions. Conversely, beans, melons, and many flowers should be planted under warm conditions to avoid disease. 

Rotate crops so that no member of the cucurbit family isquash, melon, and cucumber) is grown in the same place more often than every 4 ears. 

Control Plant early maturing cultivars plant and destroy a summer squash trap crop to protect cucumber and melon destroy or till under all residues from cucurbit vines right after harvest. 

Some pests attack even a broader spectrum of plants. Plant families are larger groupings of plants that contain several genera. Cucumbers and melons belong to the family Cucurbitaceae. This family also includes summer squash and winter squash, which belong to the genus Cucurbita. It s important to know and understand these relationships, because one of the basic principles in planning a crop rotation is to plant crops from different families in sequence in a particular location to prevent the buildup of pest populations in the soil. 

In general, many plants exposed to increased amounts of UV-B radiation display stunted growth and reduced population and germination. The drop of crop yields is changing from 5% for wheat, 20% for potato and soyabean and even 90% for squash (UNEP/GEMS, 1992). Other crops which may be affected negatively include cotton, peas, melons and cabbage. 

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