Melanoma cancer cell lines

Haterumadioxins A and B were isolated from the Okinawan sponge Plakortis lita. Haterumadioxin A 100 was evaluated against a human cancer cell line panel and found to be effective against a melanoma cancer cell line. An analysis of the results obtained... 

The FE-DBD plasma treatment (see section 12.6.1) is shown to initiate apoptosis in Melanoma cancer cell lines, that is a threshold at which plasma treatment does not cause immediate necrosis but initiates a cascade of biochemical processes leading to cell death many hours after the treatment (Fridman et al., 2007). Melanoma cells, treated by plasma at doses below those required for cell destruction, survive the plasma treatment but develop apoptosis many hours post treatment and die (disintegrate) by themselves gracefully. This could potentially be an intriguing approach for cancer treatment, especially if by manipulation of plasma parameters the treatment could be made selective to cancerous cells over healthy cells, as was demonstrated before for bacteria vs. healthy cells (Fridman et al., 2006). 

Sansalvamide A is an antineoplastic macrocyclic depsipeptide isolated from the marine fungus Fusarium by William Fenical in 1999. Studies have shown potent cytotoxicity against NCI s 60 cell line panel for the natural product and ten-fold inhibition over the depsipeptide for the pentapeptide derivative. A library of over 100 derivatives of the compound have been synthesized and the Structural Activity Relationships (SARs) show promising bio-potency against pancreatic, colon, breast, prostate and melanoma cancer cell-lines. Six derivatives show over 100-fold differential selectivity for cancer cell lines over normal cell lines and are over 100 times more active against pancreatic cancer cell lines than compounds used clinically to treat these cancers (e.g., 5-FU). Through use of inhibition assays and analysis of trends emerge that can be used to modify the scaffold to produce more potent compounds. 

Palmerolide A (82), a recently disclosed marine natural product that was isolated from Synoicum adareanum, possesses potent and selective activity against the melanoma cancer cell line UACC-62. Nicolaou et al. reported the total syntheses of five stereoisomers of palmerolide A including the originally proposed (82) and the revised [ent-(19-epi-20-epi-82)j structures. The RCM cyclizationproceeded smoothly under mild conditions (Scheme 5.19) [43]. 

Experiments conducted in the early 1980s showed that lymphocytes incubated in vitro with IL-2 could subsequently kill a range of cultured cancer cell lines, including melanoma and colon cancer cells. These latter cancers do not respond well to conventional therapies. Subsequent investigations showed that cancer cell destruction was mediated by IL-2-stimulated NK cells (i.e. LAK cells). Similar responses were seen in animal models upon administration of LAK cells activated in vitro using IL-2. 

O Neill and coworkers have also sought to address the problem of the metabolically susceptible CIO acetal linkage . A series of CIO carba dimers were prepared and assayed for antitumour activity. The two most potent compounds that were prepared are two phosphate ester finked dimers 115 and 116 (Scheme 40). They are principally active against leukaemia, colon and certain melanoma and breast cancer cell lines in the NCI 60-cell line assay. 

Preliminary in vitro and animal studies of the effects of silymarin and silybinin have been carried out with several cancer cell lines. In murine models of skin cancer, silybinin and silymarin were said to reduce tumor initiation and promotion. Induction of apoptosis has also been reported using silymarin in a variety of malignant human cell lines (eg, melanoma, prostate, leukemia cells, bladder transitional-cell papilloma cells, and hepatoma cells). Inhibition of cell growth and proliferation by inducing a Gx cell cycle arrest has also been claimed in cultured human breast and prostate cancer cell lines. The use of milk thistle in the clinical treatment of cancer has not yet been adequately studied but preliminary trials are under way. 

This strategy has resulted in the discovery of nanomolar and even picomolar ATP-competitive ruthenium-based inhibitors for different protein kinases [146]. In particular one of these complexes DW1/2 (Chart 9) has shown remarkable anticancer properties in several cancer cell lines (300 nM of the complex maximally inhibited cell growth in most of the melanoma cell lines tested) [149]. 

EAG has a rather restricted distribution in healthy tissues it expresses nearly exclusively in brain, slightly in placenta and transiently in skeletal muscle (Occhiodoro et al. 1998 Pardo et al. 1999). In contrast to its restricted distribution in normal tissues, expression of EAG has been found in several human somatic cancer cell lines including HeLa cervix carcinoma, MCF-7 and SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma derived from breast tumor, melanoma IGR1, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc. (Meyer 1998, 1999 Crociani 2003). Most notably, EAG mRNA expression was found in 100% of the human cervical cancer sam-... 

Pyrrolo[2,l-c][l,4]benzodiazepin-5-one dimer derivatives, (IV), prepared by Thurston (4) were effective as cytotoxic agents against human lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, renal, and breast cancer cell lines. 

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