Differential selectivity

Frazier test Measures the amount of air transmitted through a filter under selected differential pressures. Historically used for textile products. 

Silva GA, Czeisler C, Niece KL et al (2004) Selective differentiation of neural progenitor cells by high-epitope density nanofibers. Science 303 1352-1355... 

Selective differential UV spectrophotometric method was presented for the determination of niclosamide in bulk and in its pharmaceuticals [43]. The method was based on measuring niclosamide in alkaline solutions against their neutral ethanolic solutions as blanks. The proposed method was sensitive, highly specific, and advantageous over the conventional UV assays, since the interference of the excipients, impurities, degradation products, or other accompanying drugs was nullified. 

The procedure described above provides a simple, general method for the selective, differential protection of both symmetrical and unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-diols using readily available, inexpensive reagents.3 Additional examples are summarized in the Table.3... 

Demling N, Ehrhardt C, Kasper M, Laue M, Knels L, Rieber EP (2006) Promotion of cell adherence and spreading a novel function of RAGE, the highly selective differentiation marker of human alveolar epithelial type I cells. Cell Tissue Res 323(3) 475-488... 

Qui L, Kelso MJ, Hansen C, West ML, Fairlie DP, Parson PG (1999) Antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo of selective differentiating agents containing hydroxamate. Br J Cancer 80 1252—1258 Rea S, Eisenhaber F, O Carroll D, Strahl BD, Sun ZW, Schmid M, Opravil S, Mechtler K, Ponting CP, AlUs CD, Jenuwein T (2000) Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyl-... 

Qiu L, Kelso MJ, Hansen C, West ML, Fairlie DP, Parsons PG. (1999) Antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo of selective differentiating agents containing hydroxamate. Br J Cancer 80 1252-1258. 

Substrate selectivity (differentiation between 1° and 2° nitronate ions)... 

The beef samples were then hung vertically on stainless steel hooks attached to a motorized track that pulled the beef samples through a model spray cabinet (Kansas State University, Food Safety Laboratory) while spray treatments were applied. Treatments with either the silver compositions of this invention or deionized water were applied to the beef at 20 psi from a distance of 13 cm in the model pressure rinse cabinet for 20 seconds. The spray nozzle (BETE NF0580 303) delivered approximately 20 ml of solution to the surface of the beef sample. The temperature of solutions and treatment application room was approximately 14° C. After treatment, duplicate 3.5 cm2 core samples were randomly drawn from the lateral surface of the beef sample at 0, 20, 60 and 240 minutes. Samples were cultivated and enumerated on selective differential and... 

The proposed optimization strategy will replace the traditional method of controlling the release of Oz. Today, the rate of 02 released is controlled to maintain the d/p between the electrolyte chambers in order to limit the force that the separation diaphragm has to withstand. When the pressure differential is detected and controlled by conventional d/p cells, the measurement cannot be sensitive or accurate therefore, the diaphragm has to be strong, and the electrolyzer (or fuel cell) must be bulky and heavy. In this optimized design (if a liquid electrolyte design is selected), differential level control (ALC-12) will be used, which can control minute differentials. 

After you have chosen where you are backing up to, you should choose whether to do a Full, Differential, or Incremental backup. (Custom backups simply involve changing the settings for any of the other types.) The default type is Full, but you can change this option by clicking on the drop-down menu and selecting Differential or Incremental. 

Dialkyl acetals and ketals can easily be formed from carbonyl compounds with alcohols under acidic conditions. Some representative examples for the great variety of methods available for this transformation are given in Scheme 77. As is demonstrated, both simple alcohols themselves or formic acid ortho esters can be used for acetal formation in the presence of hydrochloric acid, toluenesulfonic acid °° or activated alumina (Montmorrilonite clay K-10). ° Owing to different carbonyl reactivities, regio- and chemo-selective differentiation is often realizable, as has been shown, for example, on androstane-3,17-dione (78). Acid-catalyzed acetalization selectively delivers the 3-ketal, whereas the sterically hindered 17-carbonyl function remains unaffected. Under neutral conditions the reactions are promoted by cata-... 

A remarkable feature of the Evans process is its ability to mediate enantio-, chemo-, and diastereo-selective additions to 1,2-diketones (Eq. (8.18)). The Cu(II) and Sn(Il) bisoxazoline complexes display superb group selectivity, differentiating between ethyl and methyl groups in the addition of thiopropionate-derived Z-silyl ketene acetal to 84. As discussed above, the Cu(II) and Sn(ll) catalysts elicit complementary simple diastereoselectivity with the Cu(II) catalyst leading to the for-... 

The initial synthetic entry into the aflatoxin system was communicated by Buchi66,136 and reported the total synthesis of aflatoxin Bj (1). The key elements of construction for this effort were, the selective differentiation of the phloroglucinol nucleus, and the formation of the functional precursor of the ABC system in the guise of the 4-methylcoumarin (49). Upon scrutinization of this molecule, it becomes evident that all of the requisite carbon atoms (see numbers) for the constitution of the ABC ring system are indeed present, albeit not necessarily in the proper level of oxidation. This fundamental coumarin piece (49), was arrived at by the implementation of two basic strategies. 

Selectivity of the compound for pest and non-pest species can also be designed into the molecule with the aid of computer-assisted molecular modeling techniques. There are several ways to affect this selectivity differential inhibition of the enzyme,... 

A key-problem pertaining to the diol products resides in the selective differentiation of both alcohol functions. As will be discussed later, efficient methods have been delineated to accomplish such a selective discrimination [78]. One elegant way to distinguish between the two alcohol groups involves the intramolecular lactonization reaction. This methodology has been applied to the synthesis of numerous optically active natural products. 

In this section, formulae for the solution of selected differential equations are presented. The advantage of having the solution expressed in terms of the formula is that the solution is known without having to know the values of the parameters. Sometimes, the solution is given as an implicit nonlinear algebraic equation. In such cases, the advantage of analytical formulae over numerical computation diminishes. 

The benzylic oxidation depicted in the second step of Scheme 8.28b is actually a formal group-selective differentiation of diastereotopic C-H bonds, since asymmetric epoxidation occurs prior to hydroxylation [125]. However, the reaction is an interesting example of a kinetic resolution that depends on the fact that the catalyst used reacts with the two epoxides at different rates, apparently because the chiral catalyst system ... 

Measurement precision combined with genetic variation of a characteristic is vital to its improvement. Genetic gain for a trait made each cycle of selection by plant breeders directly relates to the heritability (fp ) of a trait and its selection differential (5 difference between mean of selected individuals and population mean). 

A mild, efficient method for the selective differentiation of a diacylated sulfamide was discovered. By treatment of 221 with fluoride ion, good yields of the monoprotected derivative 222 were obtained (Equation 30) <20010L4247>. 

Deprotection of allyl groups from carboxylic aUyl esters is also possible using these conditions [31, 33]. The conditions can be finely adjusted to allow selective differential deprotection of similar protective groups. In a homogeneous CH3CN/... 

Selective-differential media some media have both properties, e.g., MacConkey agar. It is selective as it contains crystal violet and bile salts which inhibit the growth of bacteria other than coliforms. It is differential as it contains neutral red and lactose, which is degraded by coliforms to acid and is detected due to a change in pH. At acidic pH, colourless neutral red becomes red and the colonies develop a red colour. Shigella and Salmonella colonies remain colourless and therefore can be easily distinguished [9,11]. 

Battle, Y, Ducloux, 0.,Thobois, F,Susi,T., Kauppinen,E. I. and Loiseau, A. (2011b), Selective differential ammonia gas sensor based on N-doped SWCNT films , Physica Status Solidi B, 248,2462-6. 

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