Melamine plant

DSM Melamine plans to start up a new 30,000 tonne per year melamine plant towards the end of 2002. The investment estimate is EUR 90 million. However part of the investment will be used to expand urea capacity at the site115. 

DSM Melamine started up a new 30,000-tonne per year melamine plant in 2004 and reached design capacity in 2006. This plant will use the high-pressure shortened liquid phase (SLP) process developed by DSM. The... 

Commercial plants A total capacity of 299,000 metric tpy has been licensed since 1993 within 17 plants. The latest plant, with a capacity of 50,000 metric tpy, was commissioned in October 2009 at the Sichuan Golden Elephant Chemical Industrial zone, Meishan, Sichuan, China. Recently, the list of references has been extended by a 50,000 metric tpy melamine plant to be started up in Russia in 2011. 

Licensers for melamine plants are Allied-Signal, Granuit, and Stamicarbon. ... 

Although phenolic resins are too dark for use in the surface layers of decorative laminates these resins are employed in impregnating the core paper. In the.se cases a melamine-formaldehyde resin is used for impregnating the top decorative layer. Phenolic laminates have also been used in aircraft construction and in chemical plant. 

Chemical compounds manufactured at petrochemical plants include methanol, formaldehyde, and halogenated hydrocarbons. Formaldehyde is used in the manufacture of plastic resins, including phenolic, urea, and melamine resins. Halogenated hydrocarbons are used in the manufacture of silicone, solvents, refrigerants, and degreasing agents. 

Estimate the working capital and determine the annual proceeds per dollar of outlay and the payout time for a plant producing melamine. Use the figures given in Chemical Week, Nov. 25, 1967, p. 78. These are duplicated below. Melamine sells for 26.50/lb. 

Another use of urea is for resins, which are used in numerous applications including plastics, adhesives, moldings, laminates, plywood, particleboard, textiles, and coatings. Resins are organic liquid substances exuded from plants that harden on exposure to air. The term now includes numerous synthetically produced resins. Urea resins are thermosetting, which means they harden when heated, often with the aid of a catalyst. The polymerization of urea and formaldehyde produces urea-formaldehyde resins, which is the second most abundant use of urea. Urea is dehydrated to melamine, which, when combined with formaldehyde, produces melamine-formaldehyde resins (Figure 96.2). Melamine resins tend to be harder and more heat-resistant than urea-formaldehyde resins. Melamine received widespread attention as the primary pet food and animal feed contaminant causing numerous cat and dog deaths in early... 

Allan, G.G. (1981). Use of technical melamine crystallized from water as plant fertilizer. Patent 3,034,062, Germany. 

This plant will use the high-pressure Shortened Liquid Phase (SLP) process developed by DSM. Melamine produced with the SLP process has the same quality as melamine produced in the gas phase (or low pressure) process. The new technology is a result of DSM s further development of a process acquired from MCI (Melamine Chemical Industries) in 1997. The SLP process is expected to increase efficiency by 25%. It is also expected to enable the plant to reach a level of cost-effectiveness similar to a 100,000 tonnes/year production facility. The new process requires only 3 or 4 processing steps, in contrast to the 10 steps in conventional processes115,231. The process employs the same raw materials as the low-pressure urea process, but the final melamine recrystallization step is eliminated. The company may be able to make 99% purity melamine without recrystallization114. 

Plants. Rapidly metabolized. The principal metabolite is melamine... 

For the concrete placing tests, Ecology Board for the real size concrete forms was manufactured as a pilot plant scale test by Kobe Steel Co., Ltd.. The size of the board was 90 x90 cm with a thickness of 12 mm. The manufacturing procedures were basically the same as those for 2 mm size Ecology Board described above. But, in this case, liquid melamine resins were used as adhesives, and more resins were distributed at the surface layers of the boards than core layers in order to obtain the higher Young s modulus. 

In animals, tyrosinase is involved in the formation of melamines, and in plants, tyrosinase leads to the well-known browning of open surfaces of fruits[211. 

Urea is the sixteenth most important chemical in the United States, based on the amount produced annually. In 2004, the chemical industry produced 5.755 million metric tons (6.344 million short tons) of urea. Almost 90 percent of that output was used in the manufacture of fertilizers. An additional 5 percent went to the production of animal feeds. In both fertilizers and animal feeds, urea and the compounds from which it is made provide the nitrogen needed by growing plants and animals for their good health and survival. The other major use of urea is in the manufacture of various types of plastics, especially urea-formaldehyde resins and melamine. 

Isophorone [14.268], [14.269] is an unsaturated cyclic ketone. It consists of a-isophorone [78-59-1] (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one), which contains about 1-3% of the isomer P-isophorone [471-01-2] (3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclohexen-l-one). Isophorone is a stable, water-white liquid with a mild odor that is miscible in all proportions with organic solvents. It dissolves many natural and synthetic resins and polymers, such as poly(vinyl chloride) and vinyl chloride copolymers, poly(vinyI acetate), polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polystyrene, chlorinated rubber, alkyd resins, saturated and unsaturated polyesters, epoxy resins, cellulose nitrate, cellulose ethers and esters, damar resin (dewaxed), kauri, waxes, fats, oils, phenol-, melamine-, and urea-formaldehyde resins, as well as plant protection agents. However, isophorone does not dissolve polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides. 

Fattakhov, S. G. Reznik, V. S., and Konovalov, A. I. Melamine salt of bis(ox methyl)phosphoric acid (MELAPHEN) as a new generation of regulator of plant grows. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Chemistry of Phosphorus Compounds. Saint-Petersburg., p. 80 (2002). 

Prices are also affected by available production capacity, recent plant outages etc. Surplus production capacity has been available in the recent past for several additives and for intermediates such as phthalic anhydride and epichlorohydrin. At the end of 2002, the two main US producers of sebacic acid, which is a precursor of specialised aliphatic plasticisers, both withdrew from the market in the face of competition from cheap Chinese imports, although another company entered the field instead. Melamine prices have reached 1300 euros/tonne in Europe, although they are lower in Asia. Capacity has fluctuated because of plant problems but considerable new capacity is being developed. 

CaCN2 + 3H2O CaCOj + 2NHj Other uses include the defoliation of cotton plants and the production of melamine. 

AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China) and SAC (Standardization Administration of the People s Republic of China) (2008) GB/T 22288-2008 Determination of Melamine, Ammeline, and Cyanuric Acid in Original Plant Products GC-MS Method. Chinese Standards (in Chinese). 

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