Decor layer

Although phenolic resins are too dark for use in the surface layers of decorative laminates these resins are employed in impregnating the core paper. In the.se cases a melamine-formaldehyde resin is used for impregnating the top decorative layer. Phenolic laminates have also been used in aircraft construction and in chemical plant. 

Identification of metal particles dispersed in pictorial or decorative layers in works of art is often difficult for microscopy techniques because of (i) their presence as highly diluted components and concentrated in microparticles that, in turn, are included in binding media and attached to priming and protective layers (ii) the coexistence of metals with priming, ground or pigmenting layers in the samples and (iii) the presence of products resulting from the alteration of metals. 

Laminated papers are usually colored with extremely lightfast rutile pigments before being impregnated with melamine-urea resin for use as decorative layers or films. 

The texturing sheet may also contain a plastic coating that transfers to the laminate surface during the laminating process to provide special surface properties. The caul plate itself may be smooth or textured and act directly as the release. Immediately beneath this release sheet, there may be a decorative layer or a ply that imparts special properties such as a metallic foil for electrical conductivity or a static dissipating layer. If the decorative layer is a printed... 

A characteristic property of surfactant molecules is their tendeney to aggregate at interfaces. Examples are adsorptions onto solids and monolayer formation at an air-water interface. Surfactants sometimes ereate their own interface by forming very small aggregates like mieelles or vesieles to remove a portion of their structure from direct contact with a solvent. In ease of a mieelle formed with a surfactant such as Triton X-IOO, the hydroearbon ehains are in closer contact in the center and form a hydrophobic microenvironment. The ethylene oxide moieties are exposed to water with mueh greater frequeney. If a hydrophobic species is added into this micellar system, there will be a tendeney for the hydrophobic molecules to be concentrated inside a mieelle. At low concentration, the micelle system and the added hydrophobic additives ean reach a thermodynamic equilibrium, which is often called microemulsion system. At high concentration, the hydrophobic additives form their own separate phase and the surfactant molecules serve only as a decorative layer... 

A promising alternative for the production of unpainted body panels is the use of a co-extruded thermoplastic film as a decorative layer which is back-moulded with a thermoplastic material [107]. This technique has received the name paintless film moulding (PFM ) (Figure 16.16). 

In contrast to that reported for NM/Ti02 catalysts (322,323), the decoration layers are usually crystalline. Moreover it is clear that the decoration process involves the migration of the support over the surface of the particles instead of the particle sinking inside the support. 

Titanium nitride coatings utilized as abrasion resistant layers on cemented carbides and as decorative layers (golden yellow) on articles of jewelry... 

The first commercially successful synthetic polymer was phenol-formaldehyde (PF) [Smith, 1899]. The resin was introduced in 1909 by Baekeland as Bakelite . The urea-formaldehyde resins (UF), were discovered in 1884, but production of Beetle moldable resin commenced in 1928. Three years later, Formica , phenolic paper covered with decorative layer protected by UF, was introduced. The thiourea-formaldehyde molding powders were commercialized in 1920, while in 1935, Ciba introduced Cibanite , anihne-formaldehyde (AF) molding materials, then two years later, the melamine-formaldehyde (MF). 

Decor layer. [Data from Eichhloz, H, Martinz D O, Solvin Paste PVC Handbook. Solvay,... 

P. Eyerer, N. Eisenreich, P. Eisner et al. (2000) Composites with decorative layers. Patent WO 2000027926. 

Dies, hot stamping n. Method of depositing a decorative layer on the surface of a polymer, whereby a hot metal or rubber diem which bears the required design or lettering... 

Paints are normally opaque liquids due to the fact that the polymer forms an emulsion in the solvent. Varnishes, on the other hand, are monophase liquids that may be colored or not. Once applied onto the substrate, they often have a shiny appearance. They are used mostly as decorative layers. In practice, one does not always make a clear distinction between paints and varnishes, and the two terms are often employed interchangeably. 

Chromium on a hard chromium plated component is not harder than a decorative layer, but because of its layer thickness it can withstand harder wear. 

In a mould for radio dials (Figure 8.5), three HR nozzles have been used [3]. The cavity was fitted with a pressure meter and thermocouple, enahling the mould temperature and holding pressure to he monitored directly, thus minimising shrinkage of the plastic and making it reproducible. Too much shrinkage could cause delamination of the decorative layer. 

Coating A paint, varnish, lacquer or other finish used to create a protective and/or decorative layer. Generally used to refer to paints and coatings applied in an industrial setting as part of the original equipment manufacturer s (OEM) process. 

Fig. 14.22 Construction of B2O3 polymorphs. Usingthe self-similarity betweenaS-connected vertex (left), the BO3 triangle (middle) and the B3O6 ring (right), new polymorphs can be constructed from the decoration of known 3-connected networks, as illustrated here in the case of a graphene layer. The TO and TQ-b polymorphs were obtained by stacking the BO3- and BsOe-decorated layers respectively. The decoration is illustrated here for clarity on 2D structures but note that all the other polymorphs of Fig. 14.23 are 3Z) (fuUy connected) structures. Adapted from Fig. 2 of [166]...

In the interior of the vehicle, prefabricated roofs consist of outer decorative layers that are bonded to the layers imparting mechanical rigidity (emulsions, contact adhesives, polyurethane hot-melt adhesives). Contact adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and high-frequency welding auxiliaries (resin solutions or PVC-based emulsions) are used for attaching textiles or plastic films to the supports made of molded fiberboard or plastics for door inner panels. Emulsions, contact or polyurethane hot-melt adhesives are used for bonding textiles to molded fiberboard or plastics for parcel shelves. 

Dies, Hot Stamping n Method of depositing a decorative layer on the surface of a polymer, whereby a hot metal or rubber diem which bears the required design or lettering is placed in contact with the medium to be applied and the surface to be decorated. The application of heat melts the release coating and activates the adhesive. After a short contact, the die pressure is released and the film carrier separated from the plastic surface, leaving a decorative coating transferred in the area of the die. 

Thermally sprayed metals or alloys for wear and corrosion Thermally sprayed ceramics or cermets, for example, WC-Co, alumina, chromium oxide, and so forth, for maximum wear resistance Anodizing for wear protection of aluminum alloys can be sealed with PTFE for reduced friction. Anodizing of titanium produces only a very thin decorative layer. 

Figure 10 Different types of stacking disorder in stacks of decorated or undecorated layers, (a) Decorated layers, 3D translational disorder, (b) Undecorated layers, 1D translational disorder, (c) Rotational (lurbostra-tic ) disorder, (d) ABC stacking with twinning.

For turbostratic decorated layers with rotadonal disorder. Figure 10(c), the correlations of the decorations are preserved only within their own rigid layer but are lost between layers. The resulting SAXS is a superposition of symmetric peaks due to the corresponding undecorated system (including a possible translational disorder in the layer normal direction) and the isotropic average of the SAXS intensity rods of a single decorated lamella that leads to characteristic asymmetric peak shapes. ... 

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