Medtronic Inc

Rao et al. [140] described a study using a commercial pH sensitive radio-telemetry capsule (RTC) to evaluate small bowel and colonic transit time in athletes with gastrointestinal symptoms. The RTC (type 7006 Remote Control Systems, London, UK) consists of a glass electrode with an integral reference cap and battery. RF transmissions from the capsule are detected by a solid-state receiver worn on the belt of the patient. The recorder samples the pH from the capsule at 6 second intervals for a period of 24 hours. They used pH changes as an indication of the pH capsule s movement. A sharp rise in pH from around pH 2 to pH 6 indicates that the capsule has moved into the duodenum from the stomach. Then the pH progressively rises to a plateau around pH 8, which indicates that the capsule has moved into the terminal ileum. Another commercially available wireless pH sensor (Bravo) from Medtronic Inc. has been used to measure esophageal pH for a period of 48 hours and it will be discussed later. 

In addition to glass electrodes [159], the pH sensors incorporated in the catheter for esophageal pH monitoring were reported to be mostly antimony electrodes such as the Slimline from Medtronic Inc. [95, 158, 164], In a recent study, Pandolfino el al. [33] compared the accuracy of the Slimline antimony pH monitoring system to that of a conventional glass electrode catheter pH system during ambulatory conditions in 18 patients. They reported that the antimony electrodes had acceptable performance... 

The wireless pH capsule (Medtronic Inc.) is oblong in shape and contains an antimony pH electrode, a reference electrode at its distal tip, a battery, and a RF transmitter. The whole device is encapsulated in epoxy. The capsule is introduced into the esophagus on a catheter through the nose or mouth and is attached to the lining of the esophagus with a clip. The probe monitors the pH in the esophagus and transmits the information via RF telemetry at a rate of 6 per second (0.17 Hz) to a pager-sized receiver that is worn by the patient on a belt. Prior to implantation, the capsule is calibrated with its receiver in pH buffer solutions of pH 1.07 and pH 7.01 [168],... 

The high reliability and the complete absence of faults such as electrolyte leakage or gas generation make the lithium-iodine solid state battery a particularly suitable device for powering implanted electronic devices, and it is now widely used in the cardiac pacemaker industry. The design and construction of Medtronic Inc, pacemaker batteries are shown in Fig. 9.12. A typical unit, such as the Enertec Alpha 33 , has dimensions of 33.4 mm X 27.4 mm X 7.9 mm, giving a total volume of 6.0 cm3 and a mass of 22 g. The cell has a completely welded construction and uses a specialized... 

Fig, 9,12 Cutaway of a lithium-iodine pacemaker cell. (By courtesy of Medtronic Inc.)... 

Fig. 13.1 See the two leads, the extension running under the skin and the neurostimulator. The dinican can program and adjust the settings externally using a hand held magnet (picture credit Medtronic, Inc).

Erik R. Scott / Medtronic, Inc., Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, U.S.A. 

Peter Randklev and A.D. Kostic, "Improved Microsectioning Materials and Their Applications", Medtronic, Inc., ISTFA, 1984. 

Currently, the CoreValve still awaits FDA approval for an investigational device exemption (IDE) to initiate a clinical trial in the United States. In the meantime, Medtronic, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN) announced acquisition of CoreValve on February 23, 2009. Given Medtronic s longstanding involvement in the prosthetic valve technology, this transaction will certainly further help facilitate future clinical program developments of the CoreValve Revalving system in the coming years. 

For example, one of the producers of DBS controllers, the Medtronic Inc, reports on over 20 thousands of patients using their devices. 

Three channels for bilateral sacral root stimulation (S2-4) for bladder control (bowel control and erection, if possible) were provided. Sacral root stimulation was achieved by three pairs of LPR electrodes (10-mm long, solid platinum tubing of 1.0-mm diameter) inserted into the external sacral foramina in a lateral direction to follow and to stimulate the nerve roots epidurally. One further channel was connected to an epidural spinal cord stimulating electrode (Pisces Quad Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN) for conus medullaris modulation of spastic bladder and bowel reflexes. 

Surgical technique under general anesthesia, electrodes (Medtronic Model 3387 DBS lead Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) are stereotactically placed in both left and right CM nuclei through a coronal incision and bifrontal burr holes made at a distance of 10 to 15 mm at each side of the midline at the level of the coronal suture. The CM localization is accomplished by air ventriculography. This method allows us to demonstrate the anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) of the third ventricle with remarkable precision. Two lines are drawn, the AOPC line and the vertical line perpendicular to the PC (VPC). The target point for the electrode tip was a distance 10 mm from the midline and the intersection of the AC-PC line with the VPC [Velasco et al, 1989,2000b]. 

Once the precise epileptic focus was defined, the transitory electrodes were replaced by four contact depth brain stimulation electrodes (3789 DBS and IPG by Medtronic, Inc., Minneapohs, MN) (Figure 36.4) and connected to an independent IPG system that were placed in a subcutaneous subclavicular pocket on each side. The target of the electrode contacts was the site of maximal interictal and ictal activities. AH antiepileptic drugs were withdrawn to avoid any possible interference with the neuromodulation procedure [Velasco et al., 2000e] and were replaced with phenytoin. 

A. K. Khair and D. A. Anderson. Coated sleeve for wrapping dilatation catheter balloons. US Patent 5425710, assigned to Medtronic, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN), June 20, 1995. 

D. J. Zarbatany, R. Pintor, and M. Verbeek. Dilatation catheter with varied stiffness. US Patent 6030405, assigned to Medtronic Inc. (Minneapolis, MN), February 29, 2000. 

FIGURE I5.I Schematic representation of a dual-chamber ICD. The generator is implanted in the pectoral region. The defibrillation lead (lower) is in the rightventricle, where it is fixed by a helix at the distal (far) end of the lead. The atrial lead (upper) is secured by flexible tines in the right atrial appendage. (Reproduced with permission of Medtronic, Inc.)... 

FIGURE 15.2 Exploded view of ICD generator components. (Reproduced with permission of Medtronic, Inc.)... 

FIGURE 15.3 (a) A dual-coil, true bipolar ICD lead system, (b) Tips of two leads one active fixation (helix at tip) and one passive fixation (tines at tip). (Reproduced with permission of Medtronic, Inc.)... 

FIGURE 15.7 Stored record of successful delivery of ATP. An atrial EGM (top tracing), ventricular electrogram (middle tracing), and ICD marker channel are shown. TS markers indicate sensing of tachyarrhythmia beats, TP markers indicate delivery of ATP, and VS marker indicates sensing of a normally timed ventricular beat. (Reproduced with permission of Medtronic, Inc.)... 

P. Zilla, D. Bezuidenhout, Porous synthetic vascular grafts with oriented ingrowth channels, WO Patent App. PCT/US1999/027, Medtronic, Inc., 1999. 

After Vision , a similar strut thickness coronary stent was introduced to the market, the Driver (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN), which was made of MP35N alloy (Co-20Cr-35Ni-10Mo) and had increased strength and radiopacity compared to stainless steel. Initial clinical trials showed that both - Driver and Vision - had comparable performances [12]. 

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