Monitoring probes

The scan mode display is divided into a number of windows, that display the data recorded from the active inspections. In addition, the A-scan data from the ultrasonic probes can be displayed in probe monitor windows, for monitoring the signal quality. Figure 7 shows the scan mode display for simultaneous recording of two P-scan inspections (displayed in the same presentation window) and a T-scan inspection together with 3 probe monitor windows. 

Radioactivation Techniques Neutron and thin layer (TLA) activation are non-intrusive techniques ofi ering the prospect of continuous, direct component monitoring, in addition to coupon or probe, monitoring. In principle, localised corrosion can be monitored using a double-layer technique. Process plant applications of the technique have been limited to date. ... 

The wireless pH capsule (Medtronic Inc.) is oblong in shape and contains an antimony pH electrode, a reference electrode at its distal tip, a battery, and a RF transmitter. The whole device is encapsulated in epoxy. The capsule is introduced into the esophagus on a catheter through the nose or mouth and is attached to the lining of the esophagus with a clip. The probe monitors the pH in the esophagus and transmits the information via RF telemetry at a rate of 6 per second (0.17 Hz) to a pager-sized receiver that is worn by the patient on a belt. Prior to implantation, the capsule is calibrated with its receiver in pH buffer solutions of pH 1.07 and pH 7.01 [168],... 

Comparative studies on simulating mixing times by means of the traditional RANS approach and the more sophisticated LES are due to Gao and Min (2006), Gao et al. (2006), and Jahoda et al. (2006). They all show that RANS-based simulations fail in reproducing the transient responses of probes monitoring the local tracer concentrations, while LES is able to mimic the experimental traces quite accurately (see Fig. 7, from Jahoda et al., 2006). The latter traces strongly resemble those presented by Hartmann (2005) and Hartmann et al. (2006). 

In vitro techniques for studying DDI potential are based on the metabolism of known marker substrates. Two assay types are typically used to study DDIs the turnover of drug-like probes monitored by LC-MS/MS methods or the use of spectrophotometer (plate reader) based methods. As each technique has unique advantages and shortcomings, assay use has not been standardized across the industry. Although techniques based on the turnover of radiolabeled substrates have also been developed [94—97], these methods are used infrequently and will not be discussed further. 

FIG. 21-24 a) Typical in-line laser diffraction system with a representative sampler (TWISTER and MYTOS), all integrated in a pipe of 100-mm. (b) Inline application of an ultrasonic extinction (OPUS) probe monitoring a crystallization process in a large vessel. Both by courtesy of Sympatec GmbH.)... 

Transmission FTIR spectroscopy may be combined with a number of other experimental techniques such as, e.g., temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), oxidation (TPO) or desorption (TPD) of probes monitored by, e.g., frequency response (FR) spectroscopy (see also Sect. 4.2), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, etc. 

Optimization of processing conditions (curing parameters) in fabrication of UV-cured automotive organic protective coatings fluorescence of a viscosity-sensitive molecular probe monitored during curing of coatings... 

The experimental sequence for fluorescence probe monitoring of epoxy cure kinetics or characterization of cure states is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1. In a typical epoxy cure experiment, the fluorescence emission spectrum of a probe-containing specimen is recorded at room temperature after each curing interval at the selected cure temperature. A parallel series of spectra is recorded of an epoxy specimen which does not contain the fluorescence probe. This reference series of fluorescence emission spectra is recorded to ascertain that the observed increase of fluorescence results solely from the increase of the fluorescence quantum yield of the probe. In some series of experiments the "degree of cure" (DOC) reached after each curing time interval was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as schematically shown in Fig. 1. 

Fig. 1. Experimental sequence for fluorescence-probe monitoring of epoxy cure kinetics and comparison of fluorescence and DSC data.

---