Medtronic

One of the more intriguing cardiovascular developments is cardiomyoplasty where implantable technologies are blended with another part of the body to take over for a diseased heart. One company, Medtronic, in close collaboration with surgeons, has developed a cardiomyoplasty system to accompany a technique of wrapping back muscle around a diseased heart which can no longer adequately pump. A combination pacemaker and neurological device senses the electrical activity of the heart and correspondingly trains and stimulates the dorsal muscle to cause the defective heart to contract and pump blood. Over 50 implants have been performed to date. 

Li-I 2 Li + I2 2 Lil 2.8 0.9 290 soHd electrolyte, 10+ year life welded constmction, used in most of heart pacers, iodine charge transfer complex Medtronic Catalyst WUson Greatbatch... 

Product name (Generic, Trade Names, Manufacturer/ Distributor) Fibrin Sealant, Hemaseel APR, Haemacure, Tisseel VH, Baxter Healthcare Platelet Gel, Medtronic Harvest Technologies, and others Collagen Enhanced Fibrin Sealant, CoStasis, Cohesion Technologies, US Surgical Collagen -F Thrombin, FloSeal, Fusion Medical, Proceed Sulzer Medica... 

A CarboMetrics bileaflet valve or Medtronic Hall tilting disk mechanical valve in the aortic position, with normal left atrial size and normal sinus rhythm... 

Medtronic Functional Diagnostics, Tonsbakken 16-18, Skovlunde, Denmark, http //www.mfd.medtronic.com. 

Zeh A et al (2007) Release of cobalt and chromium ions into the serum following implantation of the metal-on-metal Maverick-type artificial lumbar disc (Medtronic Sofamor Danek). Spine 32(3) 348-352... 

Rao et al. [140] described a study using a commercial pH sensitive radio-telemetry capsule (RTC) to evaluate small bowel and colonic transit time in athletes with gastrointestinal symptoms. The RTC (type 7006 Remote Control Systems, London, UK) consists of a glass electrode with an integral reference cap and battery. RF transmissions from the capsule are detected by a solid-state receiver worn on the belt of the patient. The recorder samples the pH from the capsule at 6 second intervals for a period of 24 hours. They used pH changes as an indication of the pH capsule s movement. A sharp rise in pH from around pH 2 to pH 6 indicates that the capsule has moved into the duodenum from the stomach. Then the pH progressively rises to a plateau around pH 8, which indicates that the capsule has moved into the terminal ileum. Another commercially available wireless pH sensor (Bravo) from Medtronic Inc. has been used to measure esophageal pH for a period of 48 hours and it will be discussed later. 

In addition to glass electrodes [159], the pH sensors incorporated in the catheter for esophageal pH monitoring were reported to be mostly antimony electrodes such as the Slimline from Medtronic Inc. [95, 158, 164], In a recent study, Pandolfino el al. [33] compared the accuracy of the Slimline antimony pH monitoring system to that of a conventional glass electrode catheter pH system during ambulatory conditions in 18 patients. They reported that the antimony electrodes had acceptable performance... 

The wireless pH capsule (Medtronic Inc.) is oblong in shape and contains an antimony pH electrode, a reference electrode at its distal tip, a battery, and a RF transmitter. The whole device is encapsulated in epoxy. The capsule is introduced into the esophagus on a catheter through the nose or mouth and is attached to the lining of the esophagus with a clip. The probe monitors the pH in the esophagus and transmits the information via RF telemetry at a rate of 6 per second (0.17 Hz) to a pager-sized receiver that is worn by the patient on a belt. Prior to implantation, the capsule is calibrated with its receiver in pH buffer solutions of pH 1.07 and pH 7.01 [168],... 

BMP-2 bone morph, protein-2 Medtronic Sofamor Danek... 

Zotarohmus (53 EndeavorT stent ABT-578 Medtronic, 2005), a semisynthetic derivative of sirolimus (34), was designed for use in stents with phosphorylcholine as a carrier coronary stents reduce early complications... 

Medtronic Press release 1 February 2008. Available at http //wwwp. medtronic.com/. 

Fig. 4.11 Cross-sectional view (from the top) of a prismatic high power lithium—silver vanadium oxide battery used to power an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). (By permission of Medtronic.)...

Fig. 4.17 The two structures of Ag2V40n in the a c plane (a) type I, (b) type II. The distorted octahedra represent the V4On layers, while the dark circles represent the silver atoms. The structures are related by translation of the V4On layers between one of two stacking arrangements. (By permission of Medtronic.)...

The high reliability and the complete absence of faults such as electrolyte leakage or gas generation make the lithium-iodine solid state battery a particularly suitable device for powering implanted electronic devices, and it is now widely used in the cardiac pacemaker industry. The design and construction of Medtronic Inc, pacemaker batteries are shown in Fig. 9.12. A typical unit, such as the Enertec Alpha 33 , has dimensions of 33.4 mm X 27.4 mm X 7.9 mm, giving a total volume of 6.0 cm3 and a mass of 22 g. The cell has a completely welded construction and uses a specialized... 

Fig, 9,12 Cutaway of a lithium-iodine pacemaker cell. (By courtesy of Medtronic Inc.)... 

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been compared with multiple daily injections of insulin in a randomized study in 32 patients, mean age 13 years, over 16 weeks (195). Of the 16 patients who used CSII one returned the pump twice and one returned the pump once, in both cases for pump software errors. Medtronic MiniMed 508 or Paradigm 511 pumps were used in the study. 

Photo from Abbott MiniMed Paradigm REAL-Time with new, smaller Mini-Link Transmitter smaller MiniLink Transmitter photo from Medtronic MiniMed Photo from DexCom... 

MiniMed obtained the first FDA approval for a CGM device in 1998 and was purchased by Medtronic in 2001. The first CGM devices from MiniMed did not... 

Figure 5.4 Medtronic glucose sensor with cable. Copyright 2008 Abbott. Used with...

Figure 5.8 Cross section of the thin Medtronic sensor contained within a plastic housing and also showing the portion of the housing that fits within the bore of the needle used for the insertion. Copyright 2008 Abbott. Used with permission.

Figure 5.9 Close-up view of the Medtronic sensor showing the working, counter, and reference electrodes. Copyright 2008 Abbott. Used with permission. (See the color version of this figure in Color Plates section.)...

Endeavor and ZoMaxx are being developed by Medtronic and Abbott Vascular, respectively. The common components shared by these two DES are the PC copolymers and the drug Zotarolimus (previously known as ABT-578). The difference is that Endeavor uses a thin single-layer coating which results in fast in vivo release of the drug (22), whereas ZoMaxx employs additional PC topcoat to reduce in vivo drug elution kinetics (23). 

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