Mediterranean ecosystems

DeBano, LF. Assessing the effects of management actions on soils and mineral cycling in mediterranean ecosystems. In Conrad, C.E. Oechel, W.C., Tech. Coordinators. Proc. of the Symposium on Dynamics and Management of Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems, June 22-26, 1981, San Diego CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-58, USDA For. Serv. Pac. SW For. and Range Exp. Sta. Berkeley, CA, 1982. pp 345-350. 

DeBano, L.F. Dunn, P.H. Conrad, C.E. In Proceedings ofthe Symposium on the Environmental Consequences of Fire and Fuel Management in Mediterranean Ecosystems Aug. 1-5,1977, Palo Alto, CA. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Report WO-3 pp 65-74. 

Figure 6.1. Ecosystem area and soil carbon content to 3-m depth. Lower Panel Global areal extent of major ecosystems, transformed by land use in yellow, untransformed in purple. Data from Hassan et al. (2005) except for Mediterranean-climate ecosystems transformation impact is from Myers et al. (2000) and ocean surface area is from Hassan et al. (2005). Upper Panel Total C stores in plant biomass, soil, yedoma/permafrost. D, deserts G S(tr), tropical grasslands and savannas G(te), temperate grasslands ME, Mediterranean ecosystems F(tr), tropical forests F(te), temperate forests F(b), boreal forests T, tundra FW, freshwater lakes and wetlands C, croplands O, oceans. Data are from Sabine et al. (2004), except C content of yedoma permafrost and permafrost (hght blue columns, left and right, respectively Zimov et al., 2006), and ocean organic C content (dissolved plus particulate organic Denman et al., 2007). This figure considers soil C to 3-m depth (Jobbagy and Jackson, 2000). Approximate carbon content of the atmosphere is indicated by the dotted lines for last glacial maximum (LGM), pre-industrial (P-IND) and current (about 2000). Reprinted from Fischlin et al. (2007) in IPCC (2007). See color insert.

DeBano, L. F., Mann, L. D., and Hamilton, D. A. (1977). Fire s effects on physical and aggregate stability in hydrophobic soil. In Proceedings Symposium on Environmental Conservation Fire and Fuel Management of Mediterranean Ecosystems, Mooney, H. A., and Conrad, C., eds., Palo Alto, CA, August 1-5, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, pp. 65-74. 

Knicker, H., Almendros, G., Gonzalez-Vila, F. J., Gonzalez-Perez, J. A., and Polvillo, O. (2006). Characteristic alterations of quantity and quality of soil organic matter caused by forest fires in continental Mediterranean ecosystems A solid-state 13C NMR study. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 57, 558-569. 

Kutiel, R, Lavee, H., Segev, M., and Benyamini, Y. (1995). The effect of fire-induced surface heterogeneity on rainfall-runoff-erosion relationships in an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem, Israel. Catena 25, 77-87. 

Trinchera, A., F. Pinzari and A. Benedetti (2001), Should we be able to define soil quality before restoring it Use of soil quality indicators in Mediterranean ecosystems . Mineral Biotechnology, Vol. 13, pp. 13-18. 

EFFECTS OF FIRE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION IN A MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEM... 

Effects of Fire on Photosynthesis and Transpiration in a Mediterranean Ecosystem 695... 

Vogiatzakis, I.N., Mannion, A.M. and Griffiths, G.H. 2005. Mediterranean ecosystems problems and tools for conservation. Progress in Physical Geography, in press. 

Counterexamples teach a lesson that these exaggerations of aquatic biological activity are highly idiosyncratic and depend on the fluxes of nutrients, the types of phytoplankton ecosystems that are involved, and - most importantly - the local and regional circulations of the aquatic system. For example, the Mediterranean Sea is landlocked and has many large pollution sources, but the large flux of nutrient-poor ("impoverished") water from the Atlantic... 

Artigas J, Romani AM, Gaudes A, et al (2009) Benthic structure and metabolism in a Mediterranean stream from biological communities to the whole stream ecosystem function. Fresh. Biol. 54 DOI 10.1111/j.l365-2427.2008.02140.x... 

Consequences of Climate Variability and Human Water Demand on Freshwater Ecosystems A Mediterranean Perspective from the United States... 

The water supply to the Delta comes predominantly from the Sacramento River ( 80%) with lesser amounts from the San Joaquin River ( 15%) and rivers on the east side of the Delta ( 5%). Year-to-year variability in water supply is large. Combined average annual unimpaired runoff (an estimate of flows without upstream dams or diversions) for the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers for the past century ranges from 6.2 km in 1977 to 68 km in 1983 [2]. The percentage of freshwater flows that go to San Francisco Bay are estimated to be 87% in wet years, 69% in average years, and 51% in dry years. Climate variability associated with the Mediterranean chmate of the region is an essential component of the Delta ecosystem. 

Ruggiero A, Solimini AG, Carchini G (2006) Effects of a waste water treatment plant on organic matter dynamics and ecosystem functioning in a Mediterranean stream. Annales de Limnologie 42 97-107... 

Valentini, R, Scarascia Mugnozza, G.E. and Ehleringer, J.R. 1992 Hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of selected species of a Mediterranean macchia ecosystem. Functional Ecology 6 627-631. 

Ludwig W, Dumont E, Meybeck M, Heussner S (2009) River discharges of water and nutrients to the Mediterranean and Black Sea major drivers for ecosystem changes during past and future decades Prog Oceanogr 80(3—4) 199—217... 

Apart from of investigating the concentration of priority pollutants to assess the temporal and geographic trends as it has been done in the Ebro river basin until nowadays, the SCARCE project pretends to evaluate the consequences of the climate change in the water quality as well as predicting new environmental risks derived from water scarcity. This will be done by determining the presence of new priority (i.e. perfluorinated compounds) and emerging toxicants in Mediterranean river ecosystems in the Iberian Peninsula. In a subsequent step, the effects of chemical and environmental stressors on the biota will be assessed by combining field and experimental studies. The effects of multiple stressors will be addressed from a multi-biomarker perspective [27]. 

Poinsot-Balaguer, N., R. Castel, and E. Tabone. 1991. Impact of chronic gamma irradiation on a Mediterranean forest ecosystem in Cadarache (France). Jour. Environ. Radioactiv. 14 23-36. 

Ciccioli, P., C. Fabozzi, E. Brancaleoni, A. Cecinato, M. Frattoni, S. Cieslik, D. Kotzias, G. Seufert, P. Foster, and R. Steinbrecher, Biogenic Emission from the Mediterranean Pseudosteppe Ecosystem Present in Castelporziano, Atmos. Em-iron, 31, 167-175 (1997). 

Lacustrine ecosystems, due to reservoir effects that are particular to individual water bodies, can show remarkable variation, potentially overlapping with both marine and terrestrial values. The reservoir effect applies to some extent also to smaller circumscribed seas such as the Mediterranean. 

In order to reconstruct human diet from bone tissue, direct isotopic analysis of animal and plant remains from the same archaeological context is the most reliable way to detect isotopic shifts involving the whole ecosystem due to environmental variation. Since this is often impossible for the lack of these control samples, we have explored the use of 8I80 to assess the environmentally induced variation in 8I3C and 8ISN values from collagen and apatite, and assess the dietary information they represent. This can be done assuming a scarce nutritional role of marine resources and the absence of C4 crops, as seems to be the case in the western Mediterranean and specifically in the Sardinian Neolithic and Bronze Age. 

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