Dietary information

Hair and bone collagen reflect similar dietary information but there is a difference in the diet-hair and diet-collagen spacing for both carbon and... 

Dietary information from 5 Cand 8 Nmeasurements on bone collagen. PACT 8 ... 

When the 5 0 data are plotted against the 5 Cbone coiugen. which provides dietary information (Schoeninger 1989), there appears a general tendency for an increase in 5 0 with increased dependence on C4 grass among non-... 

Simple reporting of numeric results is not appropriate because most physicians are not familiar with pattern recognition. A comprehensive interpretation takes into consideration any available clinical and dietary information and other laboratory results, provides possible differential diagnoses, recommendations for additional biochemical testing and confirmatory studies if indicated, as well as contact information for the laboratory director in case the referring physician has additional questions. 

This procedure is to be considered an exploration of alternative directions to detect shifts of climatic origin affecting whole ecosystems and get closer to the actual dietary information, when animal and plant reference values from the same context are not available. We emphasize that the most direct and reliable method remains the isotopic analysis of faunal and botanical remains from the same context, since other factors like the isotopic signature of groundwater and water reservoirs may alter the 6IS0 values and therefore the correlation between 6lsO, 8i3C and 8,5N. 

In order to reconstruct human diet from bone tissue, direct isotopic analysis of animal and plant remains from the same archaeological context is the most reliable way to detect isotopic shifts involving the whole ecosystem due to environmental variation. Since this is often impossible for the lack of these control samples, we have explored the use of 8I80 to assess the environmentally induced variation in 8I3C and 8ISN values from collagen and apatite, and assess the dietary information they represent. This can be done assuming a scarce nutritional role of marine resources and the absence of C4 crops, as seems to be the case in the western Mediterranean and specifically in the Sardinian Neolithic and Bronze Age. 

The National Health Survey Act of 1956 required the National Center for Health Statistics to begin collecting health statistics on the general U.S. population. The first health surveys were conducted from 1960 to 1962 on a small sample of the population 18-74 years old with additional surveys conducted on children, 6-17 years old (NRC 1991). Subsequent surveys, called the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, included medical examinations and nutritional and dietary information on the study population. 

Neurodevelopmental effects of aluminum have been investigated in a large number of oral studies in mice and rats, but determination of accurate effect levels in many of these studies is precluded by a lack of information on aluminum content in the base diet. As discussed in Section 2.2.2.4, most of the neurodevelopmental studies of aluminum with adequately reported dietary information were performed... 

It appears likely that the application of stable isotope techniques to the study of paleonutrition will continue. Carbon isotopes have been shown to be useful to trace the introductions of tropical Ck crops into temperate regions where C3 plants predominate. Other recent studies with carbon isotopes have demonstrated that seafoods are more enriched in than terrestrial foods, and that the proportions of marine vs land-derived foods can be estimated in prehistoric coastal people ( ). Elements other than carbon may demonstrate isotopic distributions that will provide useful dietary information. For example, ratios of... 

Dietary information was obtained from the Seychelles cohort 6 months after delivery (Shamlaye et al. 1995). The extent to which this survey included the entire cohort is not reported. A median fish consmnption of 12 meals per week, as well as some additional population percentiles of fish consmnption, was reported. Those data, however, reflect self reported average intake and do not provide information on variability in fish intake during pregnancy. In addition, although data on characteristic Hg concentrations for cormnonly consumed species of fish were generated (and included some species with relatively high characteristic Hg concentrations) (Davidson et al. 1998), data on con... 

Many studies have shown that a diet that incorporates nee nuts, such as pistachios, is associated with a reduced risk of CHD. In the Adventist Health Study, a prospective cohort investigation of 31,208 non-Hispanic white California Seventh-Day Adventists, extensive dietary information was obtained at baseline, along with the values of traditional coronary risk factors. These were then related to the risk of definite fatal CHD or definite nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). Individuals who consumed nuts more than fonr times per week experienced substantially fewer definite fatal CHD events and definite nonfatal MI in comparison with those who consumed nuts less than once per week [21]. 

Unfortunately, certain difficulties are inherent in these trials. Because research has relied primarily on observational data (such as recalled dietary information), imprecise measurement is virtually guaranteed. Investigators must frequently depend on data sources with a high potential for error (e.g., variability of cancer reporting in different countries). In studies of diet and cancer, the long latency period between manifestation of illness and risk exposure has serious implications. Either the investigator must assume that recent intake reflects past food-... 

CAUTION The dietary information which follows is given only for the purpose of illustrating certain dietary principles, because the selection of a patient s diet is strictly the responsibility of his or her attending physician and of the consulting dietitian. 

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