Mediator primary

Chiang, C.-S., Powell, H. C., Gold, L. H., Samini, A., and Campbel, I. L., Macro-phage/microghal-mediated primary demyelination and motor disease induced by the central nervous system production of interleukin-3 in transgenic mice, J. Clin. Invest., 97, 1512, 1996. 

Following a primary encounter with an antigen, naive T-cells express early-response genes, including those that encode the T-cell growth factor, IL-2 and IL-2 receptor chains. IL-2 functions through high-affinity receptors to drive activated cells to proliferate and differentiate into effector T-cells that mediate primary humoral or cell-mediated... 

A number of pathogenic mechanisms have been postulated as mediating primary pulmonary hypertension however, none of these has been conclusively implicated in the development of the disease. In fact, current knowledge of the cause and treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension has been hampered by the absence of a simple, noninvasive early detection test in man and also by the absence of an acute animal model of this disease, which would allow further research into the pathogenesis of this disease. Several of the current working hypotheses for the causes of primary pulmonary hypertension are described here. 

The 220 kDa cell-wall associated protein Sspl, which is organised in a fimbria-like structure, mediates attachment to polystyrene in an S. epidermidis strain [18,19] but has not been further studied. In addition, a capsular polysaccharide adhesin, PS/A, has been identified in S. epidermidis RP62A [35], This mediates primary attachment to unmodified silastic catheter surfaces, but not to other types of polymers such as polyethylene [36], Later studies have shown that PS/A is structurally very similar if not identical to polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) of S. epidermidis [37 12], This will be discussed in more detail in the next section of this review. 

In this study I review the nature of interaction of repellents in mixture for birds, using starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) as a model. In the first case, I review studies of bird repellent mixtures where the component agents are both trigeminally mediated primary bird repellents. In the second case I review a study in which the component agents not only differ in mediating sensory system, but also in their mode of action. 

Another obvious question is why transfection requires intact genomes, although half molecules, at least overlapping halves (Havender and Trautner, 1972), could be thought to be substrates for primary recombination in transfection. The explanation may be found in the observation, that it is the bacterial recombination system which mediates primary recombination. Recombination in B. subtilis transformation is known to occur via single-... 

As carbocations go CH3" is particularly unstable and its existence as an inter mediate m chemical reactions has never been demonstrated Primary carbocations although more stable than CH3" are still too unstable to be involved as intermediates m chemical reactions The threshold of stability is reached with secondary carbocations Many reactions including the reaction of secondary alcohols with hydrogen halides are believed to involve secondary carbocations The evidence m support of tertiary carbo cation intermediates is stronger yet... 

Reaction with primary amines (Section 17 10) Isolated product is an imine (Schiff s base) A carbinolamine inter mediate is formed which undergoes de hydration to an imine... 

The palladium-promoted conversion of 1,3-dienes to pyrroles proceeds via 4-acetoxy-2-alkenylpalladium complexes (Scheme 50g) (81CC59), and a similar pathway may be involved in the palladium mediated reaction of but-2-ene-l,4-diol with primary amines to give A-substituted pyrroles (74CC931). 

Epinephrine itself does find some use in clinical medicine. The drug is used in order to increase blood pressure in cases of circulatory collapse, and to relax the bronchial muscle in acute asthma and in anaphylactic reactions. These activities follow directly from the agent s physiologic role. The biogenetic precursor of epinephrine, norepinephrine, has activity in its own right as a mediator of sympathetic nerve action. (An apocryphal story has it that the term nor is derived from a label seen on a bottle of a key primary amine in a laboratory in Germany N ohne... 

Seebaoh and ooworkers have developed enandoselecdve oonjugate addidons of primary dialkylzino reagents to 2-aryl- and 2-heteroaryl-nitroalkenes mediated by dtanium-TADDO-Lates fEq 4 90) TADDOLs and their derivadves are excellent ohii i] auxiLianes ... 

The majority of functional assays involve primary signaling. In the case of GPCRs, this involves activation of G-proteins. However, receptors have other behaviors— some of which can be monitored to detect ligand activity. For example, upon stimulation many receptors are desensitized through phosphorylation and subsequently taken into the cell and either recycled back to the cell surface or digested. This process can be monitored by observing ligand-mediated receptor internalization. For... 

The aldehyde function at C-85 in 25 is unmasked by oxidative hydrolysis of the thioacetal group (I2, NaHCOs) (98 % yield), and the resulting aldehyde 26 is coupled to Z-iodoolefin 10 by a NiCh/CrCH-mediated process to afford a ca. 3 2 mixture of diaste-reoisomeric allylic alcohols 27, epimeric at C-85 (90 % yield). The low stereoselectivity of this coupling reaction is, of course, inconsequential, since the next operation involves oxidation [pyridinium dichromate (PDC)] to the corresponding enone and. olefination with methylene triphenylphosphorane to furnish the desired diene system (70-75% overall yield from dithioacetal 9). Deprotection of the C-77 primary hydroxyl group by mild acid hydrolysis (PPTS, MeOH-ClHhCh), followed by Swem oxidation, then leads to the C77-C115 aldehyde 28 in excellent overall yield. 

This is an unconventional reflex mediated by capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons. In fact, an adequate stimulus can directly excite a peripheral terminal... 

Diuretics This indicates the unique property of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons to release mediators (neuropeptides and others) from both peripheral and central nervous system terminals upon adequate stimulation. Capsaicin and other chemical (protons) or physical (heat) stimuli release mediators from both peripheral and... 

Phloretin inhibits FATP-mediated traversing of fatty acids across lipid bilayers. Phloretin is the aglycon of phlorizin and has been used to terminate the uptake of LCFAs and VLCFAs in timed in vitro uptake assays with cultured cells or in ex vivo uptake assays with isolated primary cells. 

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